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'Chemical Structure and Reactivity' depicts the subject as a seamless discipline, showing how inorganic, organic and physical concepts can be blended together to achieve the common goal of understanding chemical systems. The book includes in-text examples and extensive end-of-chapter questions to encourage learning.

Chemical structure --- Reactivity (Chemistry) --- Chemical structure. --- Reactivity (Chemistry). --- Chemical reaction, Conditions and laws of --- Chemical reactions --- Structure, Chemical --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Constitution

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All enzymes are remarkable since they have the ability to increase the rate of a chemical reaction, often by more than a billion-fold. Allosteric enzymes are even more amazing because the have the additional ability to change their rate in response to cellular activators or inhibitors. This enables them to control the pathway in which they are the regulatory enzyme. Since the effector molecules represent the current status of the cell for a given metabolic pathway, this results in very responsive and balanced metabolic states, and makes it possible for cells and organisms to be appropriately dynamic, and responsive, in a changing environment. This book provides a logical introduction to the limits for enzyme function as dictated by the factors that are limits for life. This book presents a complete description of all the mechanisms used for changing enzyme acticity. Eight enzymes are used as model systems after extensive study of their mechanisms. Wherever possible, the human form of the enzyme is used to illustrate the regulatory features. While authors often emphasize the few enzymes that have the most remarkable catalytic rates, this survey of enzymes has led to the author's appreciation of some important, general conclusions: 1. Most enzymes are not exceptionally fast; they are always good enough for their specific catalytic step. 2. Although enzymes could always be much faster if they changed so as to bind their substrates more weakly, actual enzymes must be able to discriminate in favor of their special substrate, and therefore they have sacrificed speed to obtain better binding. This means that specific control of individual metabolic steps is more important than overall speed. 3. Results for many hundreds of enzymes establish that a lower limit for a normal catalytic activity is 1 s-1. Most enzymes have a catalytic rate between 10 and 300 s-1. 4. Allosteric regulation always results in a chance in the enzymes's affinity for its substrate. Even V-type enzymes (named for their large chance in catalytic velocity) always have a corresponding change in affinity for their substrate. Thomas Traut has a PhD in molecular biology and has studied enzymes since 1974. As a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, he has focused on enzyme regulation and taught advanced enzymology to graduate students. Important findings from his research helped to define the mechanism of allosteric control for dissociating enzymes. .

Allosteric enzymes. --- Chemical kinetics. --- Chemical reaction, Kinetics of --- Chemical reaction, Rate of --- Chemical reaction, Velocity of --- Chemical reaction rate --- Chemical reaction velocity --- Kinetics, Chemical --- Rate of chemical reaction --- Reaction rate (Chemistry) --- Velocity of chemical reaction --- Chemical affinity --- Reactivity (Chemistry) --- Enzymes --- Allosteric proteins --- Allosterism --- Enzymes. --- Biochemistry. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Cytology. --- Chemistry. --- Medicine. --- Enzymology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Cell Biology. --- Chemistry/Food Science, general. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Physical sciences --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Catalysts --- Proteins --- Enzymology --- Composition --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine, general. --- Biochemistry --- Health Workforce