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Scholars of the rich history of the Jews in the Dutch Republic have tended to concentrate on the remarkable story of Amsterdam. In fact, numerous communities existed in other parts of the country, of which records survive from some, occasionally extending back to the late eighteenth century. This study examines the records of four provincial Ashkenazi communities in eighteenth-century Netherlands: The Hague, Middelburg, Leeuwarden, and Oisterwijk. These internal sources, compiled by the officials of the Jewish communities concerned, known as pinkassei kahal, have often been neglected by historians. The present study reveals how pinkassim can shed light on the administrative structures and history of Jewish communities, in addition to examining the phenomenon in general, and showing them to be the central and most authoritative documents of Jewish communities in early modern Europe.

Jüdische Gemeinde. --- Quelle. --- Ashkenazim --- Ashkenazic Jews --- Jews --- History --- Aschkenasim. --- Niederlande. --- Hague (Netherlands) --- Leeuwarden (Netherlands) --- Middelburg (Netherlands) --- Oisterwijk (Netherlands) --- Oisterwijk, Netherlands --- Oosterwijk (Netherlands) --- Middelburgh (Netherlands) --- Midlebrugh (Netherlands) --- Midleburgh (Netherlands) --- Ljouwert (Netherlands) --- L'Aja (Netherlands) --- Haye, La (Netherlands) --- La Haye (Netherlands) --- Gravenhage, 's- (Netherlands) --- 's-Gravenhage (Netherlands) --- Gravenhaghe (Netherlands) --- Graven-Haghe (Netherlands) --- Haag (Netherlands) --- The Hague (Netherlands) --- Haye (Netherlands) --- Aja, L' (Netherlands) --- Den Haag (Netherlands) --- Gaaga, (Netherlands) --- Haga Comitis (Netherlands) --- L'Aia (Netherlands) --- Aia, L' (Netherlands) --- Haya, La (Netherlands) --- La Haya (Netherlands) --- Ethnic relations --- Politics and government

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BPB0902 --- AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- 050 --- 307.0 --- Afrique --- Statistique --- στατιστική --- statisztika --- estadística --- statistica --- estatística --- statistik --- statistik --- statistiek --- statistics --- tilasto --- statistică --- статистика --- статистика --- статистика --- štatistika --- Statistik --- statistika --- statistika --- statistika --- statistika --- statistika --- statistika --- statistika --- statistika --- statystyka --- staidreamh --- statistički izvor --- donnée statistique --- statistiskt sammanställning --- dato estadístico --- statistické zdroje --- statistická data --- quadro estatístico --- статистички извор --- štatistická tabuľka --- statistical table --- analyse statistique --- statistinė analizė --- statistical information --- statistiskais kopsavilkums --- statistiline analüüs --- fuente estadística --- anchetă statistică --- statistische controle --- statistikas pārskats --- statistisk undersøgelse --- statistická kontrola --- 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--- χώρες της Αφρικής --- африкански држави --- africké země --- país da África --- afrikanske lande --- Afrika országai --- African countries --- afrikanska länder --- vendet Afrikane --- país de África --- afričke zemlje --- paesi dell'Africa --- země Afriky --- Afrikas länder --- africké státy --- státy Afriky --- Afrikan maat --- afrikai országok --- Afrikos šalys --- pays africains --- paesi africani --- Aafrika riigid --- pays d'Afrique --- Länder Afrikas --- país africano --- país africano --- Afrikaanse landen --- țări africane --- Afrikaans land --- afrikanische Länder --- afrikai államok --- αφρικανικές χώρες --- Officiële publicaties (per land) --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken

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European Union countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Foreign policy --- Politique et gouvernement --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions sociales --- Politique étrangère --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 331.30 --- 331.31 --- 334.151.0 --- BPB0903 --- Statistique --- Condition socio-économique --- Union européenne --- Economische toestand. --- Economisch beleid. --- EG beleid: Algemeenheden. --- Statistiek --- Sociaal-economische omstandigheden --- Europese Unie --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Conditions économiques --- Politique étrangère --- socialinės ir ekonominės sąlygos --- socio-økonomiske forhold --- socialno-ekonomske razmere --- condición socioeconómica --- warunki społeczno-ekonomiczne --- sociālekonomiskie apstākļi --- společensko-hospodářské poměry --- socio-ekonomické podmienky --- општествено-економски услови --- sozioökonomische Verhältnisse --- 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--- πηγή στατιστικών στοιχείων --- tableau statistique --- statistiskā pārraudzība --- statistički podatak --- statističko istraživanje --- статистичко истражување --- statistische Tabelle --- statistische Daten --- monitoraggio statistico --- στατιστικός πίνακας --- dado estatístico --- statisztikai információ --- burim statistikor --- source statistique --- statistiska data --- statistická informace --- statistische analyse --- analisi statistica --- статистичка област --- statistický údaj --- statistische tabel --- indagine statistica --- στατιστική πληροφορία --- štatistické informácie --- statistiline ülevaade --- παρακολούθηση στατιστικών στοιχείων --- tilastollinen seuranta --- статистичка анализа --- štatistický prehľad --- statistisk analyse --- statistische Beobachtung --- statistische Überwachung --- statistiniai duomenys --- statistický úřad --- statistisk kilde --- statistisk analys --- date statistice --- statistické šetření --- statistikas avots --- statistische bron --- statistické zjišťování --- στατιστικό δεδομένο --- statistinė apžvalga --- statistiline kokkuvõte --- enquête statistique --- Statistischer Dienst --- analiză statistică --- statistisk materiale --- rilevazione statistica --- analizë statistikore --- statisztikai adat --- štatistický výber --- statistisk oplysning --- control estadístico --- fonte statistica --- fonte estatística --- statistical analysis --- statistisk källa --- statistiline vaatlus --- statistikas informācija --- encuesta estadística --- στατιστική έρευνα --- статистички преглед --- inquérito estatístico --- análisis estadístico --- statistical source --- statistická analýza --- statisztikai elemzés --- statistilised andmed --- tilastolliset tiedot --- štatistická analýza --- statistisk tabel --- statisztikai táblázat --- statistical data --- statistische Information --- monitorim statistikor --- statistisch onderzoek --- statistički pregled --- statistinė santrauka --- statistička tablica --- statistische Analyse --- 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statistiline seire --- surveillance statistique --- statistisk undersökning --- relevé statistique --- statistinė informacija --- statistisk tabell --- statistisch gegeven --- statistiline info --- statistinės informacijos šaltinis --- tilastollinen tutkimus --- análise estatística --- tabla estadística --- dato statistico --- statisztikai felmérés --- statisztikai adatforrás --- tilastotiedot --- tabella statistica --- relação estatística --- tilastollinen yhteenveto --- quadro statistico --- tilastollinen lähde --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- EG beleid: Algemeenheden --- dálaí socheacnamaíocha --- staidreamh --- Union européenne --- Condition socio-économique