Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Assuming a social welfare function that smoothes expenditure, this paper calculates a sustainability benchmark for the non-mineral balance in Botswana that is based on a notion of a "permanent income" from non-renewable resources. It is derived by constructing a hypothetical annuity from revenues from these resources, which is held constant in terms of GDP. Botswana is an interesting case because current projections suggest that diamond resources could be largely exhausted within a generation.

Fiscal policy --- Revenue --- Botswana --- Economic conditions --- Government revenue --- Public revenue --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Government policy --- Finance, Public --- Economic policy --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Natural Resources --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Environmental management --- Non-renewable resources --- Fiscal stance --- Personal income --- Natural resources --- Income

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The cotton sector in Mali is facing major challenges to overcome, with low export prices, technical hurdles, and a poorly performing state-owned cotton ginner. Some reforms, most notably with regard to the setting of the farmgate procurement price, have already been undertaken, but more is needed to put the sector on a sound financial footing. It is vital that the production process be modernized and the ginner profoundly reformed if cotton is to play a major role in poverty reduction in rural Mali.

Investments: Commodities --- Investments: Metals --- Corporate Finance --- Natural Resource Extraction --- Natural Resources --- Agriculture: General --- Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Investment & securities --- Extractive industries --- Environmental management --- Macroeconomics --- Agricultural commodities --- Mining sector --- Business environment --- Gold --- Natural resources --- Commodities --- Economic sectors --- Environment --- Farm produce --- Mineral industries --- Business enterprises --- Mali

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Pour les dernières idées sur le système financier international, la politique monétaire, le développement économique, la lutte contre la pauvreté et d’autres questions importantes, abonnez-vous à Finances & Développement (F&D). Ce trimestriel attrayant présente des analyses approfondies sur ces thèmes et d'autres sujets, rédigées par les membres des services du FMI ainsi que par des experts de renommée internationale. Les articles sont écrits pour les non-spécialistes qui souhaitent enrichir leur compréhension des rouages de l'économie mondiale et des politiques et activités du FMI.

Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Natural Resources --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Macroeconomics: Production --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Remittances --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Environmental management --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Natural resources --- Output gap --- Public investment spending --- Banking --- Production --- Economic theory --- Public investments --- International finance --- Industrial productivity --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Geography --- Conservation of natural resources --- Environmental policy --- Conservation of natural resources. --- Environmental policy. --- Geography. --- Russia (Federation) --- Earth Sciences --- Conservation of resources --- Natural resources --- Natural resources conservation --- Resources conservation, Natural --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Conservation --- Political aspects --- Government policy --- Federation of Russia --- Federazione della Russia --- Federazione russa --- O-lo-ssu --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- RF --- Roshia Renpō --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rosja --- Rossii︠a︡ --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rossiya --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Russian Federation --- Russische Föderation --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Natural resources conservation areas --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Environmental auditing --- Rossii͡ --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat͡sii --- Roshia Renp --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat͡sii͡ --- Rossiĭskai͡a Federat͡sii͡ --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Urysye Federat͡sie --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Rosja (Federation) --- Rossii͡a (Federation) --- Rossiya (Federation) --- geografie --- geography --- natuurbescherming --- nature conservation --- economie --- economics --- milieubescherming --- environmental protection --- regionale ontwikkeling --- regional development --- cartografie --- mapping --- natuurlijke hulpbronnen --- natural resources --- regionale geografie --- regional geography --- natuur --- nature --- Geography (General) --- Natural Resource Economics --- Geografie --- Economie van natuurlijke hulpbronnen --- Eluosi (Federation) --- Law and legislation --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Géographie --- Conservation des ressources naturelles --- Environnement --- Politique gouvernementale --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Roshia Renpō --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Russische Föderation --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Geografia --- Recursos naturals --- Rússia