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Grammar, Comparative and general --- Modality (Linguistics). --- Typology (Linguistics). --- Aspect. --- Modality (Linguistics) --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Aspect --- Grammar --- Language and languages --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Philology --- Typology --- Classification

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This series of HANDBOOKS OF LINGUISTICS AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCE is designed to illuminate a field which not only includes general linguistics and the study of linguistics as applied to specific languages, but also covers those more recent areas which have developed from the increasing body of research into the manifold forms of communicative action and interaction.For ""classic"" linguistics there appears to be a need for a review of the state of the art which will provide a reference base for the rapid advances in research undertaken from a variety of theoretical standpoints, while in the m

800.8 --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic typology --- 800.8 Taalklassen. Taalsoorten. Soorten talen. Talen: typologie --- Taalklassen. Taalsoorten. Soorten talen. Talen: typologie --- Universals --- Typology --- Linguistic universals --- Linguistics --- Classification --- Typologie (linguistique) --- Universaux (linguistique)

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This book is the first cross-linguistic study of clausal negation based on an extensive and systematic language sample. Methodological issues, especially sampling, are discussed at length. Standard negation - the basic structural means languages have for negating declarative verbal main clauses - is typologized from a new perspective, paying attention to structural differences between affirmatives and negatives. In symmetric negation affirmative and negative structures show no differences except for the presence of the negative marker(s), whereas in asymmetric negation there are further structural differences, i.e. asymmetries. A distinction is made between constructional and paradigmatic asymmetry; in the former the addition of the negative marker(s) is accompanied by further structural differences in comparison to the corresponding affirmative, and in the latter the correspondences between the members of (verbal etc.) paradigms used in affirmatives and negatives are not one-to-one. Cross-cutting the constructional-paradigmatic distinction, asymmetric negation can be further divided into subtypes according to the nature of the asymmetry. Standard negation structures found in the 297 sample languages are exemplified and discussed in detail. The frequencies of the different types and some typological correlations are also examined. Functional motivations are proposed for the structural types - symmetric negatives are language-internally analogous to the linguistic structure of the affirmative and asymmetric negatives are language-externally analogous to different asymmetries between affirmation and negation on the functional level. Relevant diachronic issues are also discussed. The book is of interest to language typologists, descriptive linguists and to all linguists interested in negation.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Typology (Linguistics). --- Clauses. --- Negatives. --- Verb. --- Comparative linguistics --- Grammar --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Linguistic typology --- Verb --- Clauses --- Negatives (Grammar) --- Typology --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Classification --- Verb phrase --- Verbals --- Reflexives --- Sentences --- Syntax --- Philology --- Language Typology. --- Negation.

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This collection of papers brings together contributions from experts in functional linguistics and in Construction Grammar approaches, with the aim of exploring the concept of construction from different angles and trying to arrive at a better understanding of what a construction is, and what roles constructions play in the frameworks which can be located within a multidimensional functional-cognitive space. At the same time, the volume has a historical dimension, for instance in plotting the developments which led to recent models. The book is organised in three sections: the first deals with particular theoretical issues, the second is devoted to the recent Lexical Constructional Model, and the third presents a number of analyses of specific constructions. The volume thus makes an important contribution to the ongoing debate about the relationship between functionalist and constructionist models.

Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Linguistic models. --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Models, Linguistic --- Linguistics --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistic universals --- Grammar, Comparative --- Typology --- Classification

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Grammar, Comparative and general --- Historical linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Verb --- Grammar --- Historical linguistics. --- Verbe (Linguistique) --- Linguistique historique --- Typologie (Linguistique) --- Verb. --- Language and languages --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and history --- Philology --- Typology --- Classification --- History --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Verb