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This paper describes and analyzes different financial schemes to promote lifelong learning. Considered are financial instruments to stimulate successful early learning, financial aid schemes and subsidization mechanisms. Theoretical analyses about funding of early learning have mainly focused on vouchers. Yet, the available empirical evidence is more ambiguous about the effects of vouchers than about the effects of conditional cash transfers and financial incentives for pupils and teachers. Positive effects of financial incentives to pupils are not restricted to high ability pupils, as low ability students also seem to benefit. The evidence regarding the effects of subsidy forms is limited. The most prominent knowledge gaps regarding the effects of various financing schemes related to lifelong learning are the effects of vouchers in compulsory education; financial aid schemes for students; and entitlements and individual learning accounts.

Access to Finance --- Education --- Education finance --- Education for All --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Expenditures --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Higher education --- Human Development --- Income contingent loans --- Knowledge economy --- Lifelong Learning --- Literature --- Papers --- Primary Education --- Teachers --- Tertiary Education

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Knowledge and its application are now widely recognized to be key sources of growth in the global economy. Putting knowledge to work allows countries to improve everyday life for their people, opening up new possibilities for small and medium-size enterprises and other less-developed economic groups. This volume examines the challenges and opportunities for Mexico's knowledge-based economy, offering strategies for making major improvements in the country's capacity to generate knowledge and transform it into wealth.

Education. --- Information society. --- Information society --- Technological innovations --- Information technology --- Education --- Knowledge economy --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Economic aspects --- Government policy --- Mexico --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- IT (Information technology) --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Sociology --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer

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Industrial Enlightenment explores the transition through which England passed between 1760 and 1820 on the way to becoming the world's first industrialised nation. In drawing attention to the important role played by scientific knowledge, it focuses on a dimension of this transition which is often overlooked by historians. The book argues that in certain favoured regions, England underwent a process whereby useful knowledge was fused with technological 'know how' to produce the condition described here as Industrial Enlightenment. At the forefront of the process were the natural philosophers who entered into a close and productive relationship with technologists and entrepreneurs. Much of the evidence for this study is drawn from the extraordinary archival record of the activities of Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) and his Soho Manufactory. The book will appeal to those keen to explore the dynamics of change in eighteenth-century England, and to those with a broad interest in the cultural history of science and technology.

Science and industry --- Industrial revolution --- Industry and science --- Industries --- Revolution, Industrial --- Economic history --- Social history --- History. --- Birmingham (England) --- Birmingham, Eng. --- Birmingham (West Midlands, England) --- City and Borough of Birmingham (England) --- Borough of Birmingham (England) --- History --- Révolution industrielle --- Sciences et industrie --- Birmingham (Angleterre) --- Histoire --- Birmingham. --- French Revolution. --- Industrial Enlightenment. --- Napoleonic Wars. --- Soho. --- West Midlands. --- eighteenth-century Britain. --- knowledge economy. --- protestant Nonconformity. --- religious complexion. --- science cultures. --- technological process.

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Research --- Recherche --- Institution de recherche --- Research institutions --- Réseau de recherche --- research networks --- Recherche privée --- Private research --- Recherche publique --- public research --- Politique de la recherche --- Research policies --- Technique de communication --- communication technology --- Propriété privée --- Private ownership --- Propriété publique --- Public ownership --- Brevet --- Patents --- Protection légale --- legal rights --- Union européenne --- European Union --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 334.151.0 --- 338.043 --- 338.6 --- BPB0903 --- Économie de la connaissance --- EG beleid: Algemeenheden. --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica. --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling. --- Kenniseconomie --- Science and state --- Science --- Science policy --- State and science --- State, The --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Government policy --- EG beleid: Algemeenheden --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling --- economia della conoscenza --- znalostní ekonomika --- teadmusmajandus --- ekonomija mmexija mill-għerf u l-innovazzjoni --- osaamistalous --- gospodarstvo temeljeno na znanju --- znalostná ekonomika --- ekonomi e dijes --- geilleagar eolasbhunaithe --- ekonomija znanja --- economia cunoașterii --- economía del conocimiento --- kenniseconomie --- videnbaseret økonomi --- економија базирана на знаење --- kunskapsbaserad ekonomi --- tudásgazdaság --- žinių ekonomika --- научно основана икономика --- οικονομία της γνώσης --- економија заснована на знању --- gospodarka oparta na wiedzy --- wissensbasierte Wirtschaft --- economia do conhecimento --- zināšanu ekonomika --- knowledge economy --- võrgumajandus --- digital ekonomi --- hospodářství založené na znalostech --- économie numérique --- zināšanu virzīta ekonomika --- digitale Wirtschaft --- digital økonomi --- knowledge-based economy --- net-economía --- digitaalinen talous --- vidensøkonomi --- na znanju vodeno gospodarstvo --- cibereconomia --- e-economía --- economia digitale --- economía del saber --- verkkotalous --- eEconomia --- digitaalne majandus --- e-economia --- teadmuspõhine majandus --- ψηφιακή οικονομία --- e-ekonomi --- η-Οικονομία --- teadmistepõhine majandus --- ekonomi e shtyrë nga dija --- knowledge-driven economy --- tietotalous --- znalostní hospodářství --- net-economia --- E-Wirtschaft --- tudás vezette gazdaság --- e-economie --- net-οικονομία --- economia do saber --- netéconomie --- žiniomis pagrįsta ekonomika --- economía digital --- sähköinen kauppa --- nieuwe economie --- економија основана на знаење --- економија на знаење --- e-økonomi --- economía electrónica --- mokslo imli ekonomika --- cibereconomía --- digitale economie --- uz zināšanām balstīta ekonomika --- internetøkonomi --- nätekonomi --- neteconomia --- tudásalapú gazdaság --- economia del sapere --- ekonomika založená na poznatkoch --- économie du savoir --- economia digital --- e-économie --- ekonomi e mbështetur te dija --- e-majandus --- ekonomija temeljena na znanju --- ekonomija żviluppata --- ekonomika založená na znalostech --- gospodarstvo znanja --- net-économie --- Research - Government policy - European Union countries --- Science and state - European Union countries --- Économie de la connaissance --- Compétitivité (économie politique) --- Politique publique --- Pays de l'Union européenne

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Science policy --- HO (hoger onderwijs) --- wetenschapsbeleid --- onderwijsonderzoek --- School management --- Research on teaching --- Flanders --- klinisch onderzoek (farmacologie) --- medisch onderzoek --- biomedische wetenschappen --- 790 Wetenschapsbeleid --- E-books --- 720 Onderwijs --- wetenschappelijk onderzoek --- onderwijs --- onderwijsvernieuwing --- technologie --- Vlaams Gewest [gewest in land België - BE] --- 371 --- 351.854 --- Wetenschapsbeleid 001.893 --- Onderwijs 37 --- Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap 353.11 --- BPB0906 --- Enseignement --- Profession scientifique --- Innovation --- Économie de la connaissance --- 378 <493-17> --- onderwijs - school --- Onderwijs --- Wetenschappelijk beroep --- Vernieuwing --- Kenniseconomie --- Hoger onderwijs. Universitair onderwijs --(algemeen)--Vlaanderen. Vlaams Gewest. Nederlandstalige Gemeenschap in België --- 001.891 <493-17> --- Recherche scientifique --- Vlaanderen --- 001.891(493-17) --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek. Research. Onderzoekmethoden--Vlaanderen. Vlaams Gewest. Nederlandstalige Gemeenschap in België --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek in Vlaanderen --- 378 <493-17> Hoger onderwijs. Universitair onderwijs --(algemeen)--Vlaanderen. Vlaams Gewest. Nederlandstalige Gemeenschap in België --- departement Algemeen 11 --- hoger onderwijs --- economia della conoscenza --- znalostní ekonomika --- teadmusmajandus --- ekonomija mmexija mill-għerf u l-innovazzjoni --- osaamistalous --- gospodarstvo temeljeno na znanju --- znalostná ekonomika --- ekonomi e dijes --- geilleagar eolasbhunaithe --- ekonomija znanja --- economia cunoașterii --- economía del conocimiento --- kenniseconomie --- videnbaseret økonomi --- економија базирана на знаење --- kunskapsbaserad ekonomi --- tudásgazdaság --- žinių ekonomika --- научно основана икономика --- οικονομία της γνώσης --- економија заснована на знању --- gospodarka oparta na wiedzy --- wissensbasierte Wirtschaft --- economia do conhecimento --- zināšanu ekonomika --- knowledge economy --- võrgumajandus --- digital ekonomi --- hospodářství založené na znalostech --- économie numérique --- zināšanu virzīta ekonomika --- digitale Wirtschaft --- digital økonomi --- knowledge-based economy --- net-economía --- digitaalinen talous --- vidensøkonomi --- na znanju vodeno gospodarstvo --- cibereconomia --- e-economía --- economia digitale --- economía del saber --- verkkotalous --- eEconomia --- digitaalne majandus --- e-economia --- teadmuspõhine majandus --- ψηφιακή οικονομία --- e-ekonomi --- η-Οικονομία --- teadmistepõhine majandus --- ekonomi e shtyrë nga dija --- knowledge-driven economy --- tietotalous --- znalostní hospodářství --- net-economia --- E-Wirtschaft --- tudás vezette gazdaság --- e-economie --- net-οικονομία --- economia do saber --- netéconomie --- žiniomis pagrįsta ekonomika --- economía digital --- sähköinen kauppa --- nieuwe economie --- економија основана на знаење --- економија на знаење --- e-økonomi --- economía electrónica --- mokslo imli ekonomika --- cibereconomía --- digitale economie --- uz zināšanām balstīta ekonomika --- internetøkonomi --- nätekonomi --- neteconomia --- tudásalapú gazdaság --- economia del sapere --- ekonomika založená na poznatkoch --- économie du savoir --- economia digital --- e-économie --- ekonomi e mbështetur te dija --- e-majandus --- ekonomija temeljena na znanju --- ekonomija żviluppata --- ekonomika založená na znalostech --- gospodarstvo znanja --- net-économie --- innovation --- innovaatio --- innovazione --- novinka --- inovație --- innovazzjoni --- иновация --- innovatsioon --- innowacja --- jaunievedums --- innovación --- vernieuwing --- καινοτομία --- inovácia --- inovação --- иновација --- nuálaíocht --- innováció --- risi --- inovacija --- τεχνολογική καινοτομία --- teknologisk fornyelse --- industrielle Innovation --- technologische Innovation --- technológiai innováció --- inovação tecnológica --- innovación industrial --- innovación tecnológica --- risi industriale --- naujovė --- βιομηχανική καινοτομία --- technologische vernieuwing --- industrijska inovacija --- innovazione industriale --- tehnoloogiline innovatsioon --- priemyselná inovácia --- technologijos naujovė --- technologická inovácia --- innovation technologique --- teollinen innovaatio --- tehnoloģisks jauninājums --- fornyelse --- risi teknologjike --- inovație industrială --- teknisk innovation --- innovation industrielle --- teknologinen innovaatio --- teknologisk innovation --- industriell innovation --- technological innovation --- pramoninė naujovė --- industrial innovation --- технолошка иновација --- innovazione tecnologica --- průmyslová novinka --- tööstusinnovatsioon --- technická novinka --- tehnološka inovacija --- industriel innovation --- ipari innováció --- inovação industrial --- rūpniecisks jauninājums --- innovazione scientifica --- inovație tehnologică --- professjoni xjentifika --- teknis-tieteellinen ammatti --- profissão científica --- profesion shkencor --- zinātnieka profesija --- personel naukowo-techniczny --- tudományos hivatás --- teaduseriala --- mokslinė profesija --- professioni scientifiche --- vědecký pracovník --- profesii științifice --- vedecké povolanie --- profesión científica --- научна професија --- научник --- scientific profession --- wissenschaftlich-technischer Beruf --- επιστήμονες --- wetenschappelijk beroep --- професия на учен --- videnskabeligt erhverv --- znanstvenik --- vetenskapligt yrke --- shkencëtar --- tieteellinen henkilöstö --- mokslininkas --- studioso --- ειδήμων --- επιστημονικό προσωπικό --- tudományos pálya --- tudományos személyzet --- teadlane --- mokslininko profesija --- scientist --- tudós --- geleerde --- personel shkencor --- personal científico --- personale scientifico --- vědec --- zinātnieks --- mokslo personalas --- savant --- scientific staff --- vědecký tým --- Wissenschaftler --- wetenschappelijk onderzoeker --- videnskabeligt personale --- επιστήμονας --- zinātnes darbinieks --- pessoal científico --- wetenschapper --- personnel scientifique --- znanstveni novak --- zinātniskais personāls --- scientifique --- Gelehrter --- sabio --- cientista --- teadustöötajad --- wetenschappelijk personeel --- vetenskapsman --- scienziato --- sakkunnig --- научен кадар --- tieteenharjoittaja --- vedeckí pracovníci --- tiedemies --- wissenschaftliches Personal --- científico --- истражувач --- научен работник --- εκπαίδευση --- Unterrichtswesen --- teaching --- mokymas --- poučevanje --- pedagogie --- vyučovanie --- undervisning --- mācīšana --- ensino --- utbildningsväsen --- enseñanza --- tanítás --- настава --- õpetamine --- opetus --- преподаване --- tagħlim --- insegnamento --- mësimdhënie --- školství --- nastava --- szkolnictwo --- предавање --- обучување --- výučba --- výuka --- obuka --- predare --- skoleuddannelse --- pagesë shkollimi --- поучување --- часови --- vyučování --- schoolopleiding --- podučavanje --- подучување --- skolväsen --- διδασκαλία --- poučavanje --- tuition --- Schulwesen --- ricerca scientifica --- научно изследване --- научно истраживање --- investigación científica --- cercetare științifică --- tudományos kutatás --- kërkim shkencor --- vědecký výzkum --- zinātniskā pētniecība --- wissenschaftliche Forschung --- badania naukowe --- videnskabelig forskning --- научно истражување --- znanstvene raziskave --- teadusuuringud --- vedecký výskum --- znanstveno istraživanje --- scientific research --- επιστημονική έρευνα --- riċerka xjentifika --- moksliniai tyrimai --- vetenskaplig forskning --- investigação científica --- tieteellinen tutkimus --- Седма рамковна програма за научни истражувања и иновации --- Програма за научни истражувања и иновации --- ФП7 --- znanstveni rad --- mokslo tiriamasis darbas --- Wissenschaftlicher Beruf --- teagasc --- taighde eolaíoch --- gairm na heolaíochta --- Économie de la connaissance