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Le financement est essentiel pour le commerce international et les agences mondiales officielles de crédits d'export jouent un rôle primordial en fournissant des prêts, des garanties et des assurances. Le périodique Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE propose des rapports par pays décrivant les crédits d'export officiels les pays membres de l'OCDE et des économies non membres. Pris ensemble, ces systèmes représentent l'écrasante majorité de crédit à l'exportation de l'appui fourni par les gouvernements au niveau mondial. Les rapports par pays sont mis à jour de temps en temps.

Finance --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question

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Against the background of the Action Statement agreed by the Members of the OECD Working Party on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees at their 82nd Meeting in February 2000, the Members are committed to pursuing the following Work-Plan on the issue of export credits and the environment, without prejudice as to outcomes. The Work Plan comprises a list of topics (which is not exhaustive) to be addressed in the further discussions of the Working Group in accordance with the commitments in the Action Statement and to facilitate the fulfilment of the OECD Ministerial Mandate.

Credit --- Finance --- Finance. --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Borrowing --- Money --- Loans

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From 1850 to 1914, Brazil enjoyed a long period of political and financial stability that was interrupted just once. During this rupture, 1889-1894, the country suffered two successful coups-d'etat, military government, civil war, and a disastrous decline in the value of the national currency. The five years of disorder and crisis came in the wake of the nation's abolition of slavery and related financial repercussions. This book examines Brazil's crisis years, for the first time setting post-slavery financial decisions within their international and local historical contexts. Arguing against the "European dependency" interpretation of Brazil's history, John Schulz explains how planters' demands for easy credit after abolition were met with shortsighted economic policies. The failure of the expansionary monetary policy of the 1890's not only illuminates Brazil's history, it also suggests lessons relevant to financial and political decisions being made today.

Finance --- Slaves --- History --- Emancipation --- Economic aspects --- Enslaved persons --- Funding --- Funds --- Persons --- Slavery --- Economics --- Currency question

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Swiss economists have proposed to individualize the funded second pillar of the Swiss retirement provision system (BVG) by granting employees flexibility with respect to the contribution rate and risky asset share in their accounts. Opponents have stressed that such a reform would transfer the investment risk from pension funds to financially illiterate employees and thus imply a welfare loss. Florian Zainhofer uses the theory of life cycle investing, i.e. how we should optimally choose our savings rate and risky asset share throughout our lives, as a framework to study the implications of a potential BVG individualization. Following an introduction on the Swiss system of old-age provision, the author reviews recent life cycle models of portfolio choice and covers their numerical solution algorithms in depth. He presents an empirical analysis of Swiss workers’ earnings dynamics since these are important determinants of life cycle investment behavior. To further investigate the implications of a flexible contribution rate and risky asset share in the mandatory BVG, the author proposes a model adapted to Swiss conditions and parameterized with the estimated earnings dynamics.

Old age pensions --- Retirement, Mandatory --- Compulsory retirement --- Mandatory retirement --- Retirement age --- Macroeconomics. --- Finance. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Finance, general. --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question

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The interaction between mathematicians and statisticians reveals to be an effective approach to the analysis of insurance and financial problems, in particular in an operative perspective. The Maf2006 conference, held at the University of Salerno in 2006, had precisely this purpose and the collection here published gathers some of the papers presented at the conference and successively worked out to this aim. They cover a wide variety of subjects in insurance and financial fields, all treated in light of the successful cooperation between the two quantitative methods.

Insurance --- Finance --- Mathematical models --- Statistical methods --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Assurance (Insurance) --- Coverage, Insurance --- Indemnity insurance --- Insurance coverage --- Insurance industry --- Insurance protection --- Mutual insurance --- Underwriting