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Pharmaceutical policy making raises particular challenges in reconciling key objectives for health policy, such as ensuring affordable access to the latest effective drugs, with other important policy considerations, such as providing support to a valuable national industry. Unusually among health policy issues, it also raises international considerations that further complicate decision making, particularly as the nature and extent of such considerations are not well understood. This report assesses how pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies have contributed to the achievement of certain health policy objectives. It examines the national and transnational effects of these policies, in particular, their implications for the availability of medicines in other countries, the prices of these medicines, and innovation in the pharmaceutical sector. This publication presents an analysis of comparative price levels, making use of a unique dataset to construct the most comprehensive pan-OECD pharmaceutical price index to date. It also draws upon original case studies of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in six OECD countries to provide specific examples of the impacts of policies on health system performance.

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Africa's Future, Africa's Challenge compiles the latest data and viewpoints on the state of Sub-Saharan Africa's children. Topics covered include the rationale for investing in young children, policy trends in early childhood development (ECD), historical perspectives of ECD in Sub-Saharan Africa including indigenous approaches, new threats from HIV/AIDS, and the importance of fathers in children's lives. The book also addresses policy development and ECD implementation issues; presents the ECD programming experience in several countries, highlighting best practices and challenges; and evaluat

Child care. --- Electronic books. --- Child care --- Early childhood education --- Child development --- Child --- Preventive Health Services --- Community Health Services --- Public Policy --- Legislation as Topic --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Social Welfare --- Health Services --- Age Groups --- Sociology --- Health Care --- Social Control Policies --- Social Control, Formal --- Social Sciences --- Policy --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Persons --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Named Groups --- Child, Preschool --- Early Intervention (Education) --- Health Planning --- Child Welfare --- Child Health Services --- Health Policy --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Child & Youth Development --- Child study --- Children --- Development, Child --- Care of children --- Childcare --- Development --- Care --- Care and hygiene --- Developmental biology --- Developmental psychobiology --- Child rearing --- Education

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This study reviews aid flows to the health sector in Somalia over the period 2000-2006. In close collaboration with the Health Sector Committee of the Coordination of International Support to Somalis the authors collected quantitative and qualitative data from twenty-six international agencies operating in Somalia, including bilateral and multilateral donors.The paper reaches three main conclusions. First, aid financing to the health sector in Somalia has been constantly growing, reaching US 7-10 per capita in 2006. Although this is a considerable amount compared to other fragile states, it m

Medical care. --- Medical care --- Medical economics --- Public Policy --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Industry --- Patient Care Management --- Africa, Eastern --- Internationality --- Social Sciences --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Social Control Policies --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Services Administration --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Care --- Africa South of the Sahara --- Africa --- Social Control, Formal --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Policy --- Sociology --- Geographic Locations --- Geographicals --- Delivery of Health Care --- Health Care Sector --- Health Policy --- Economics --- Somalia --- Economics, Medical --- International Cooperation --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Economics --- Finance --- Finance. --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medicine --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Economic aspects --- Public health

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For humanitarian reasons and the concern for households' economic and health security, the health sector is at the center of global development policy. Developing countries and the international community are scaling up health systems to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and are improving financial protection by securing long-term support for these gains. Yet money alone cannot buy health gains or prevent impoverishment due to catastrophic medical bills; well structured, results-based financing reforms are needed. Unfortunately, global evidence of "successful" health financing policy

Medical care. --- Medical care --- Health care reform --- Medical policy --- Medical care, Cost of --- Health status indicators --- Social Sciences --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Publication Formats --- Costs and Cost Analysis --- Patient Care Management --- Health Policy --- International Cooperation --- Health Planning --- Internationality --- Public Policy --- Publication Characteristics --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Services Administration --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Care --- Social Control Policies --- Policy --- Social Control, Formal --- Sociology --- Health Care Costs --- Statistics --- Developing Countries --- Health Care Reform --- Health Expenditures --- Economics --- Delivery of Health Care --- Finance --- Economic aspects --- Finance. --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Health indicators --- Health status indexes --- Indexes, Health status --- Indicators, Health status --- Cost of medical care --- Health care costs --- Health care expenditures --- Medical costs --- Medical expenses --- Medical service, Cost of --- Medicine --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Costs --- Government policy --- Health insurance --- Health --- Health surveys --- Medical statistics --- Quality of life --- Social indicators --- Medical economics --- Medical savings accounts --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Methodology

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Policy Innovation for Health Policy Innovation for Health Edited by Ilona Kickbusch, Graduate Institute of International and Developmental Studies, Geneva The facts are hard to ignore: rising rates of chronic disease, epidemic obesity and diabetes, a widening longevity gap between rich and poor, health care "reforms" at odds with patient interests. It has become increasingly clear that changes in the existing health care system will not be sufficient to maintain and improve our health at this historical juncture. In response, Policy Innovation for Health argues that that we need to shift course and apply a radically new mindset to health and health policy. The pressure for policy innovation shifts from a focus on the health care system to a reorganization of how we approach health in 21st century societies. This change calls for new mechanisms through which we conduct health policy and it calls for an inclusion of many actors in the policy process: health care providers, policy makers from many sectors, communities, consumers, patients and the private sector. The long-term strategies outlined in this book emphasize collaboration within government through Health in All Policy approaches and beyond government through new partnerships for health. The authors provide many concrete examples of new policy approaches and implementation from different parts of Europe and at different levels of governance, local, regional, national and European. Case studies of policy innovations for health from Portugal, Wales and Germany illustrate in detail how such policies can bridge the gaps between prevention, health promotion, and healthcare; and improve core health determinants such as living conditions, education, and social supports. These social, political, medical, and technological advances, assert the authors, are crucial to meeting the challenges of the decades ahead. Among the topics covered: Health as a central economic and societal force. New directions in the monitoring of health and well-being. Integrating Health in all Policies" programs and how they can be implemented The democratization of health knowledge and the expanding role of patient participation. Closing the financial divide in public health priority-setting. Policy Innovation for Health adds important new voices to the health care debate, and its vision will inspire professionals in health policy, health administration, health economics, and global health, as well as graduate students planning to enter these rapidly changing fields. .

Medical policy. --- Public health administration --Case studies. --- World health --Economic aspects. --- World health. --- Medical policy --- World health --- Public health administration --- Public Policy --- Organization and Administration --- Social Control Policies --- Health Services Administration --- Policy --- Social Control, Formal --- Health Care --- Sociology --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Organizational Innovation --- Public Health Administration --- Health Policy --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Public Health - General --- Economic aspects --- Health administration --- Health care administration --- Health sciences administration --- Medical care --- Public health --- Global health --- International health --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Economic aspects. --- Administration --- Government policy --- Medicine. --- Health promotion. --- Health administration. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Health Administration. --- Health services administration --- Medical geography --- Science and state --- Social policy --- International cooperation --- Practice of medicine. --- Medical practice --- Practice of medicine --- Physician practice acquisitions --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education