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This is a study about the causes and consequences of the eurgenic intrusions into our societyś reproductive culture by medicine over the course of the twentieth century. By the turn of the twenty-first century, such scientific intrusions through biotechnological selection at the very beginning of a humanś life have become socially acceptable and part of the task of family planning. Of intrinsic interest is the goal of subjecting the normative ideal images of family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood - which through medical science have advanced eugenic intrusions into the social organization of the species "reproduction"--To a gender-sensitive analysis. This study also highlights how these ideal images are integrated into the development of the biotechnologies of conception and selection, and how these technologies in turn influence familiy planning. The issue are analyzed against the background of social and scientific developments which accompanied and made possible the rise of eugenic rationality in the twentieth century. The sources used for this analysis are medial studies published in the journal Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift between 1900 and 2000; the methodology applied is discourse analysis. The project was financed by a research grant (APART) under the auspices of the Austrian Academy of Science (ÖAW). This research demonstrates: which concepts of gender and generation within the families are inherent to the eugenic ideal images; which social transformation processes were integrated into these ideal images; how and why parenthood and childhood were scientiffically rationalized and modernized; the demands which have increasingly confronted parents over the past decades as regards successful instruction and education; the duties which emanated in the namen of the childś well-being; and the reasons for which biotechnological selection at the very beginning of human life currently has a sweeping influence on motherhood and childhood. Finally, the study demonstrates that the existing reproductive culture in our society is infused by eugenic rationality. A further investigative dimension of the eugenic mainstream is also developed by virtue of the approach in which the focus consistently points to the scientific reorganization of the entire context of reproduction. And by virture of which the scientification of the reproductive culture is examined and analyzed by contextualizing Austriaś twentieth-century social and socio-political history. In addition, a profound and exemplary critiqu of science is elaborated by employing the approaches of the sociology of science as well as the history of science and drawing upon the Austrian example of (bio)medicine and bio(medical) technologies of conception and selection. Science is presented in its cultural and political entanglement as a bastion of hegemonic masculinity, staking a claim to the connection between science and responsibility.

Eugenics. --- Humanities.

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Eugenics --- Racism --- Government policy --- History --- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. --- Univerzita Karlova.

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Church history --- Church property. --- Eugenics --- Mental health policy --- Mental retardation --- Government policy --- History. --- Biens ecclésiastiques --- Église --- Europe --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Moyen âge --- Histoire religieuse

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Neither minimizing the difficulty of the choices that modern genetics has created for us nor fearing them, Cowan argues that we can improve the quality of our own lives and the lives of our children by using the modern science and technology of genetic screening responsibly.

Genetic screening --- Eugenics --- Human chromosome abnormalities --- Medical screening --- History. --- Diagnosis --- #SBIB:316.334.3M51 --- History --- Organisatie van de gezondheidszorg: modellen van therapeutisch handelen

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Une opinion très répandue veut que l'évolutionnisme, et plus spécialement le darwinisme, ait révolutionné la conception que l'homme a de lui-même. D'une vision anthropocentrique - souvent comparée à la vision géocentrique d'avant Copernic -, on serait passé à une vision décentrée où l'homme n'est plus qu'un animal parmi d'autres. D'un homme créé par Dieu à un homme produit par le hasard et la nécessité. Le tout se serait accompagné d'un épouvantable scandale, et la conception darwinienne ne l'aurait emporté contre l'obscurantisme qu'au prix d'une lutte acharnée. Cette opinion, popularisée par les biologistes eux-mêmes, est largement imaginaire. En 1859, lorsque Darwin publie L'Origine des espèces, l'évolutionnisme n'est plus une nouveauté depuis longtemps ; son application à l'homme, non plus. Rien donc qui justifie le moindre scandale. En outre, la thèse de Darwin diffère de ce que nous appelons aujourd'hui " darwinisme " et, très rapidement, profitant de ses imprécisions, chacun l'interprétera à sa manière. Le darwinisme qui s'ensuivra ne sera pas, et de très loin, une doctrine homogène, ni dans ses aspects théoriques, ni dans ses applications à l'homme. Quant à l'explication biblique de l'origine de l'homme par la création divine d'Adam - supposée alors universellement admise -, elle avait en fait déjà subi les pires outrages. Diverses religions, plus ou moins sectaires, avaient depuis longtemps concocté des lectures de la Bible assez curieuses, et imaginé des conceptions de l'homme bien " pires " que celle qui consistait à le faire descendre du singe. À côté d'elles, Darwin fait souvent figure d'enfant de chœur. Vue de près, la réalité est donc très différente de l'opinion courante pour laquelle un créationnisme religieux se serait opposé à un évolutionnisme scientifique. Et cela est vrai non seulement pour les aspects théoriques, mais aussi pour les applications pratiques assez contestables qu'ont trouvées certaines thèses biologiques, notamment en matière d'hygiène raciale.

Science --- Racism --- Evolution (Biology) --- Eugenics --- Sciences --- Racisme --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Eugénisme --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Race --- History --- Race. --- History. --- Eugénisme --- Philosophy of Science --- Biology --- Evolution --- Bible --- Racial Theories --- Essay --- Racism - History