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The Asia-Pacific region is home to the world’s largest region of coral reefs and mangroves. It accommodates two-thirds of the world’s human population and its economic activities have the highest growth rate in the world. Ongoing degradation of the environment, resulting from coastal development, deforestation, desertification and over-harvesting, are becoming a matter of great concern, as floods and droughts occur as a result of this degradation. The Asia-Pacific region also includes part of the ‘Pacific Rim of Fire’ and is, therefore, vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis, as the world became aware following the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004. Threats of global environmental change, such as climate change and sea-level rise, will exacerbate such problems. Therefore, appropriate policies and measures are needed for coastal management, to address both the local and global trends. This book gives an overview of the state-of-the-art understanding on the drivers, state, and responses to coastal environmental changes in the Asia-Pacific region. It provides excellent perspectives on current and anticipated environmental changes in the region’s coastal areas, to researchers, students, policy makers, coastal managers and other stakeholders. Audience: This book will be of interest to researchers of coastal science, undergraduate and graduate students of coastal science, engineering and management, to policy makers, coastal managers and coastal developers, and to the fishing industry. .

Coastal zone management --- Coast ecosystem management --- Coastal ecosystem management --- Coastal management --- Coastal resource management --- Coastal resources management --- Coastal zone ecosystem management --- Coasts --- CRM (Coastal resource management) --- Zone management, Coastal --- Ecosystem management --- Natural resources --- Regional planning --- Coastal engineering --- Management

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The aim of this book is to discuss practically useful (operational) bioindicators for sustainable coastal management, criteria for coastal area sensitivity to eutrophication and an approach set a "biological value" of coastal areas. These bioindicators should meet defined criteria for practical usefulness, e.g., they should be simple to understand and apply to managers and scientists with different educational backgrounds. Central aspects for this book concern effect-load-sensitivity analyses. One and the same nutrient loading may cause different effects in coastal areas of different sensitivity. Remedial measures should be carried out in a cost-effective manner and this book discusses methods and criteria for this. Remedial strategies should generally focus on phosphorus rather than nitrogen because the effects of nitrogen reductions can rarely be predicted well and nitrogen reductions may favour the bloom of harmful cyanobacteria. Three case-studies exemplify the practical use of the bioindicators and concepts discussed in the book. The first concerns how local emissions of nutrients affect the receiving waters when all important nutrient fluxes are accounted for. The second concerns how to find reference values for "good" ecological status to set targets for remedial actions. The third gives a reconstruction of eutrophication. If the development during the last 100 years can be understood, key prerequisites to turn the development would be at hand. This book should attract considerable interest from researchers in marine ecology, consultants and administrators interested in management and studies of coastal systems.

Coastal ecology --- Coastal zone management --- Coast ecology --- Coastal zone ecology --- Coasts --- Coastal biology --- Ecology --- Sublittoral ecology --- Coast ecosystem management --- Coastal ecosystem management --- Coastal management --- Coastal resource management --- Coastal resources management --- Coastal zone ecosystem management --- CRM (Coastal resource management) --- Zone management, Coastal --- Ecosystem management --- Natural resources --- Regional planning --- Coastal engineering --- Management --- Applied Ecology. --- Marine Sciences. --- Sustainable development. --- Ecology. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Sustainable Development. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Environmental protection --- Nature conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Applied ecology. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Ecology . --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water

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