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American and European Values: Contemporary Philosophical Perspectives is a collection of essays by contemporary scholars considering key aspects of intersection and encounter between American and European values in the contemporary world. The truly international makeup of twenty-one contributors enlivens the book's theme in surprising, and frequently edifying ways. The authors consider, in places Other revealing frankness, the cultural sensibilities unique to America and Europe, key historic...

Values --- Axiology --- Worth --- Aesthetics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Psychology --- Ethics

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This book presents the trends in beliefs and values of people in 85 countries around the world from 1981 to 2004. Based on survey data collected in 1981-1984 and 1989-1993 by the European Values Study, the 1995-1997 World Values Surveys and the 1999-2004 European Values Study and World Values Surveys, it examines trends in human values concerning economics, politics, religion, family, gender roles, civic engagement and ethical concerns and important contemporary issues such as the environment, technology, identity, life satisfaction and human happiness. It is a valuable tool for understanding the cultural patterns of countries and how human values are changing. It will be useful to social scientists, journalists, business executives, politicians and policy-makers working in an increasingly globalized world.

Values. --- 316:2 <4> --- Axiology --- Worth --- Aesthetics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Psychology --- Ethics --- Godsdienstsociologie--Europa --- 316:2 <4> Godsdienstsociologie--Europa --- Values

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Charles Taylor (1931- ) is one of the leading living philosophers. This is the first extended study on the key notions of his views in philosophical anthropology and ethical theory. Firstly, Laitinen clarifies, qualifies and defends Taylor's thesis that transcendental arguments show that personal understandings concerning ethical and other values (so called "strong evaluation") is necessary, in different ways, for human agency, selfhood, identity and personhood. Secondly, Laitinen defends and develops in various ways Taylor's value realism. Finally, the book criticizes Taylor's view that it is necessary to identify and locate a constitutive source of value, such as God, Nature or Human Reason. Taylor relies heavily on this claim in his accounts of moral life, modern identity and, most recently, secularisation. Laitinen argues that the whole notion of constitutive moral source should be dropped - Taylor's views concerning strong evaluation and value realism are distorted by the question of constitutive "moral sources".

Ethics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Values. --- Axiology --- Worth --- Aesthetics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Psychology --- History --- Taylor, Charles, --- Taylor, Charles --- Ethics. --- Philosophical Anthropology. --- Taylor, Charles. --- Theories of Selfhood and Personhood. --- Value theory.

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Bringing together 10 of John Deigh's essays, this book features Deigh asking questions about the nature of emotions and the relation of evaluative judgment to the intentionality of emotions. He also challenges the idea of the voluntary as essential to understanding moral responsibility.

Emotions. --- Intentionality (Philosophy) --- Values. --- Ethics. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Axiology --- Worth --- Aesthetics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Psychology --- Ethics --- Act (Philosophy) --- Mind and body --- Feelings --- Human emotions --- Passions --- Affect (Psychology) --- Affective neuroscience --- Apathy --- Pathognomy --- Philosophical anthropology --- General ethics

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are far from genetically ? xing what behavioral preferences they may possess. Instead, learning mechanisms offer a ? exible way of attaining locally important cultural knowledge within temporal windows of opportunity as has been convi- ingly shown by research in language and culture attainment. Similar mechanisms are likely to exist for other social capacities, such as mate preferences, for example. It is this role of our biological inheritance that social science must appreciate in order to furnish a more complete understanding of human behavior. Within the natural range of variation of capacities and armed with biologically conditioned learning mechanisms we live out lives of meaning – in which we hold some things to be real, rational, valuable or morally right, and others not. It is this world of meaning in which we ? nd love and hate, struggles for justice, power, and money, and the dramas that lend to life both its depth and passion.

Social psychology. --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Human behavior --- Values. --- Social aspects. --- Psychological aspects. --- Mass psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Human ecology --- Psychology --- Social groups --- Sociology --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Ethology --- Human action --- Human beings --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Axiology --- Worth --- Aesthetics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Ethics --- Behavior --- Consciousness. --- Psychology, clinical. --- Developmental psychology. --- Personality and Social Psychology. --- Clinical Psychology. --- Developmental Psychology. --- Sociology, general. --- Education, general. --- Clinical psychology. --- Psychiatry --- Psychology, Applied --- Psychological tests --- Development (Psychology) --- Developmental psychobiology --- Life cycle, Human --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Philosophy --- Spirit --- Self --- Personality. --- Sociology. --- Education. --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Social theory --- Personal identity --- Personality psychology --- Personality theory --- Personality traits --- Personology --- Traits, Personality --- Individuality --- Persons --- Temperament --- Education