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Importante recopilación de textos vanguardistas mexicanos y centroamericanos, precedidos de un exhaustivo estudio sobre las vanguardias en la zona.

Hispanic Literature, general. --- Literary Studies. --- Latin American literature. --- Literature --- Spanish American literature. --- Literatura américana en español. --- Literatura de América latina. --- Literatura --- Latin American literature --- Spanish literature --- Belles-lettres --- Western literature (Western countries) --- World literature --- Philology --- Authors --- Authorship

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With the opening of sea routes in the fifteenth century, groups of men and women left Portugal to establish themselves across the ports and cities of the Atlantic or Ocean sea. They were refugees and migrants, traders and mariners, Jews , Catholics, and the Marranos of mixed Judaic-Catholic culture. They formed a diasporic community known by contemporaries as the Portuguese Nation. By the early seventeenth century, this nation without a state had created a remarkable trading network that spanned the Atlantic, reached into the Indian Ocean and Asia, and generated millions of pesos that were use

Merchants --- Portuguese --- History. --- Atlantic Ocean Region --- Spain --- Commerce --- History of Southern Europe --- Ethnology --- Businesspeople --- History --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- Atlantic Area --- Atlantic Region --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Portugal --- Merchants. --- Portuguese. --- Spain & Portugal --- Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology

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Originally published in 2007, this book incorporates the rich literature on the history of the fiscal organization and financial dynamics of the Spanish empire within the broader historical debates on rival European imperial states from 1760 to 1810. The focus is on colonial Mexico because it served as a fiscal and financial submetropolis that ensured the capacity of the imperial state to defend itself in a time of successive international conflicts. Throughout the reign Charles IV, the finances of the Spanish state began to sink. This collapse was caused by the enormous expense of waging successive wars in the Americas and Europe. In each war, colonial Mexico was a most important source of resources for the Crown, but these demands gradually outstripped the tax base of the viceroyalty despite the extraordinary silver boom of the late eighteenth century. The bankruptcy of the Spanish monarchy and its empire was the inevitable consequence.

Finance, Public --- Finances publiques --- History --- Histoire --- Spain --- New Spain --- Espagne --- Nouvelle-Espagne --- History, Military --- Economic conditions --- Histoire militaire --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions économiques --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- Public finances --- History, Military. --- Arts and Humanities

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heraldry --- History of Europe --- Art --- Genealogy. Heraldy --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Order of the Golden Fleece --- Golden Fleece, Order of the --- Toison d'or, Ordre de la --- Ordre de la Toison d'or --- Orden vom Goldenen Vlies --- Orden del Toisón de Oro --- Goldenen Vlies, Orden vom --- Spain --- Flanders --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- History --- Foreign relations --- Exhibitions

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Generals --- Historians --- Coloma, Carlos, --- Spain --- History, Military --- History --- Coloma de Melo, Carlos, --- De Melo, Carlos Coloma, --- Melo, Carlos Coloma de, --- Coloma de Saa, Carlos, --- De Saa, Carlos Coloma, --- Saa, Carlos Coloma de, --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- Generals - Spain - Biography --- Historians - Spain - Biography --- Coloma, Carlos, - 1573-1637 --- Spain - History, Military - 16th century --- Spain - History, Military - 17th century --- Spain - History - Philip III, 1598-1621 --- Spain - History - Philip II, 1556-1598