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Seeds --- Semences --- Dispersal --- Congresses --- Dissémination --- Congrès --- ECO Ecology --- seed dispersal --- Dissémination --- Congrès

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Without metastasis, prostate cancer would be both tolerable and treatable. The high incidence of indolent and organ confined disease is testament to this sweeping generalisation. Equally, if molecular markers of metastatic spread can be identified, then the choice of treatment for many patients would be easier and more radical, even curative. However, should prevention and treatment of the primary tumors prove difficult or impossible, then a knowledge of the phenotype of advanced metastatic tumors should allow us to target these lesions for destruction by conventional (drug based) or more innovative means such as gene and/or immunotherapy (1). The process of metastasis has been reviewed many times (e. g. , 2) and has been subdivided for ease of analysis into a number of discrete stages (see Figure 1). It has been suggested that at least 10 separate genetic 2. ECM degradation: migration MMP ; Integrin ; TIMP 3. Intravasation MMP TIMP 1. Cellular independence 4. Transport Adhesion loss and evasion (E Cadherin ) of host immune system MHCClass1 ICAM-1 to block T cell receptor 5. Arrest of movement: endothelial adhesion CD44 or switch 6. Extravasation to colonise new site 7. Proliferation at Laminin R distant site to form Integrin switch METASTASIS Figure 1. Stages in prostate cancer metastasis. Basic processes in tumor metastases are indicated in the boxes with some key changes in gene expression indicated at each stage by the solid arrows.

Metastasis. --- Prostate --- Cancer. --- Cancer --- Cancer metastasis --- Dissemination of cancer --- Metastases --- Metastatic cancer --- Neoplasm metastasis --- Spread of cancer --- Tumor dissemination --- Tumor metastasis --- Tumor spread --- Pathology --- Cancer invasiveness --- Cancer of unknown primary origin --- Dissemination --- Metastasis --- Oncology. --- Oncology  . --- Cancer Research. --- Tumors --- Cancer research. --- Cancer research

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Brain metastases are the most dreaded complication of systemic cancer, affecting approximately 170,000 people a year, a far greater incidence than primary brain tumors. Advances in modern chemotherapy have led to an improved control of system cancers, often with agents that poorly penetrate the central nervous system, resulting in an increasing incidence of brain metastases. Traditional chemotherapy has had little impact on brain metastases. The main therapeutic option is radiation therapy, and in a small number of patients - surgery. However, refinements in all of these treatments offer some positive outcomes and an increased ability to stratify patients based on certain criteria. This book will bring current information on the presentation and management of patients with brain metastases, providing available data, giving guidelines that can be applied in day to day practice, updated information for neuro-surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and neuro-oncologists, as well as an overview for physicians in training. "Brain metastases are one of the most devasting consequences of cancer. This text addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, imaging, and management of this complication. Experts in the field cover a broad array of relevant topics highlighting the challenges and current therapeutic strategies." Steven T. Rosen, M.D. Series Editor.

Brain --- Metastasis. --- Cancer. --- Cancer --- Cancer metastasis --- Dissemination of cancer --- Metastases --- Metastatic cancer --- Neoplasm metastasis --- Spread of cancer --- Tumor dissemination --- Tumor metastasis --- Tumor spread --- Pathology --- Cancer invasiveness --- Cancer of unknown primary origin --- Dissemination --- Metastasis --- Oncology  . --- Surgical oncology. --- Neurosurgery. --- Oncology. --- Surgical Oncology. --- Nerves --- Neurosurgery --- Oncologic surgery --- Oncological surgery --- Surgical oncology --- Tumors --- Surgery --- Excision --- Treatment --- Nervous system --- Cancer Therapy. --- Treatment. --- Surgery. --- Cancer therapy --- Cancer treatment --- Therapy --- Brain Neoplasms --- Cerveau --- Métastases --- secondary. --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVMEDEC LIVSANTE SPRINGER-B

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The Center provides disaster health information resources and informatics research for public health officials, healthcare providers, special populations, and the public.

Disaster Planning --- Civil Defense --- Health Planning. --- Information Dissemination. --- Emergency management --- Medical informatics --- Health planning --- organization & administration. --- National Library of Medicine (U.S.). --- United States.

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Consacré au livre de musique - livre contenant de la notation musicale ou traitant de théorie de la musique, livre manuscrit et imprimé -, cet ouvrage est issu de quatre conférences prononcées en 2003 par Catherine Massip, directeur du département de la Musique de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. L'Antiquité grecque, qui considère la musique comme une science, lègue à l'Occident latin puis médiéval la géniale théorie de Pythagore sur la nature du son. Au Moyen-Âge des centaines de manuscrits, produits dans les monastères et les abbayes, transmettent les écrits théoriques des Boèce, Cassiodore, Isidore de Séville et Gui d'Arezzo ; ils gardent aussi la mémoire de la musique servant à la liturgie - grâce à des systèmes de notation en constante évolution - ou bien celle de la musique profane des troubadours et des trouvères. Les premiers " livres d'auteurs" voient le jour avec le Roman de Fauve !, les ouvrages de Guillaume de Machaut ou le chef-d'oeuvre courtois réalisé pour Jean de Montchenu : le Chansonnier cordiforme. L'édition imprimée, qui se développe à partir de 1501, à Venise, avec Ottaviano Petrucci, et à Paris, à partir de 1528, est associée au développement de la chanson polyphonique et adopte le format oblong qu'elle gardera longtemps, tout en conservant certains aspects de présentation des manuscrits. Au XVIIe siècle, elle joue, pour de grands compositeurs comme Frescobaldi, Gesualdo ou Monteverdi, et, au XVIIIesiècle pour les nouvelles formes de la musique instrumentale (sonate, symphonie), un rôle de diffusion massive, même si en Italie l'édition décline au XVIIIe siècle au profit du manuscrit, plus adapté à la diffusion de l'opéra. En France, l'époque baroque, qui est celle des ballets de cour, des grands motets, des partitions d'opéras sorties des presses des Ballard, est aussi celle des collections et de l'émergence des manuscrits autographes (M.-A. Charpentier, J.-Ph. Rameau). Depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle, le manuscrit autographe est considéré comme le témoin privilégié du travail du compositeur (la BNF conserve des manuscrits de Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven), connu aussi par d'autres sources comme les éditions, épreuves corrigées, livrets, correspondances, mémoires. C'est encore grâce aux manuscrits qu'au XXe siècle des études génétiques peuvent être consacrées à Debussy, Stravinsky, Honegger, Milhaud, Jolivet ou Messiaen. Cette synthèse illustrée et érudite, qui brasse et ordonne l'ensemble des collections de musique de la BNF, dessine en parallèle une véritable histoire du livre de musique à l'échelle de l'Europe, tout en évoquant d'autres termes : l'évolution de la notation musicale, les centres de production, les liens entre texte, musique et peinture, mais aussi le devenir du livre de musique "dématérialisé" au XXe siècle par des compositeurs comme Xenakis...Index, glossaire et illustrations guident le lecteur, qu'il soit néophyte ou musicologue chevronné, dans cette découverte des sources d'une histoire commune au livre et à la musique.

Musical notation --- Music --- Music publishing --- Dissemination of music --- History --- Manuscripts --- autographs [manuscripts] --- 091:78 --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries) --- Music trade --- Publishers and publishing --- Music printing --- Ligatures (Music) --- Music autography --- Music copying --- Music manuscript --- Music notation --- Musical autography --- Notation, Musical --- Staff notation --- Musical meter and rhythm --- Signs and symbols --- Paleography, Musical --- Circulation of music --- Music dissemination --- Music and globalization --- 091:78 Handschriften i.v.m. muziek --- Handschriften i.v.m. muziek --- Manuscripts&delete& --- Publishing --- Circulation --- Book history --- Manuscripts. Epigraphy. Paleography --- manuscripts [documents] --- Bibliothèque nationale de France --- Catalogs --- Congresses --- Editing --- Musical notation - History --- Music - Manuscripts - History --- Music publishing - History --- Dissemination of music - History --- Bijbelstudie --- Ondersteuning --- muziekdruk