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To adequately describe complex spatio-temporal processes that occur in multi-cellular organisms, a class of models is required that simultaneously takes into account differences between individual cells as well as their ability to communicate and interact with one another and their environment. Single-cell-based models form a framework that allows for the explicit incorporation of different properties of individual cells, but at the same time enables all cells to act together as one collective body. This leads ultimately to more biologically realistic models of heterogeneous tissues and multi-cellular organisms and allows for a better understanding of the principles underlying the complex biological processes occurring during the formation, growth and maintenance of multi-cellular bodies. The aim of this book is to assemble a collection of different mathematical and computational models and techniques that focus on individual cells, cell processes and cell behaviour, that are also suitable to address problems on the multi-cellular or tissue scale. We would like to focus the level of the book equally to students starting their research in the field of mathematical biology and to scientists already modelling multi-cellular processes. Therefore, our intention is to include in this book a detailed description of each model and an extensive review of suitable biological and medical applications.

Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Biology --- biomathematica --- biologie --- biometrie

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Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Mathematical statistics --- Biometry. --- Biométrie --- Biométrie

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These lecture notes are based on several courses and lectures given at di?erent places (University Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Bordeaux, CNRS research groups GRIP and CHANT, University of Roma I) for an audience of mathema- cians.ThemainmotivationisindeedthemathematicalstudyofPartialDi?erential Equationsthatarisefrombiologicalstudies.Among them, parabolicequations are the most popular and also the most numerous (one of the reasonsis that the small size,atthecelllevel,isfavorabletolargeviscosities).Manypapersandbookstreat this subject, from modeling or analysis points of view. This oriented the choice of subjects for these notes towards less classical models based on integral eq- tions (where PDEs arise in the asymptotic analysis), transport PDEs (therefore of hyperbolic type), kinetic equations and their parabolic limits. The?rstgoalofthesenotesistomention(anddescribeveryroughly)various ?elds of biology where PDEs are used; the book therefore contains many ex- ples without mathematical analysis. In some other cases complete mathematical proofs are detailed, but the choice has been a compromise between technicality and ease of interpretation of the mathematical result. It is usual in the ?eld to see mathematics as a blackboxwhere to enter speci?c models, often at the expense of simpli?cations. Here, the idea is di?erent; the mathematical proof should be close to the ˜natural' structure of the model and re?ect somehow its meaning in terms of applications. Dealingwith?rstorderPDEs,onecouldthinkthatthesenotesarerelyingon the burden of using the method of characteristics and of de?ning weak solutions. We rather consider that, after the numerous advances during the 1980s, it is now clearthat ˜solutionsinthesenseofdistributions'(becausetheyareuniqueinaclass exceeding the framework of the Cauchy-Lipschitz theory) is the correct concept.

Ergodic theory. Information theory --- Differential equations --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- differentiaalvergelijkingen --- biomathematica --- biometrie --- informatietheorie

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Questo testo si indirizza prima di tutto agli studenti delle Lauree Specialistiche in Biologia delle Università, ma sarà di interesse anche per studenti di Scienze Naturali e Medicina. Gli argomenti trattati includono i piu' classici modelli matematici di fenomeni biologici (dinamica delle popolazioni, diffusione delle malattie infettive, semplici modelli di fisiologia), ma una parte rilevante del testo e' dedicata all'approccio matematico alla teoria dell'evoluzione natuturale. Gli unici prerequisiti richiesti al lettore sono quelli forniti dai corsi di base di Matematica della Laurea triennale in Biologia, Scienze Naturali o Medicina; gli altri strumenti matematici sono discussi nel testo o nei "complementi matematici" che ne formano parte integrante. Sebbene i modelli qui discussi siano essenzialmente in termini di (semplici) equazioni differenziali e dunque deterministici, tesi a descrivere l'evoluzione di quantita' medie, si e' a piu' riprese cercato di mostrare il ruolo delle fluttuazioni nei fenomeni biologici e come esso possa essere tenuto in conto in modo matematicamente semplice.

Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Genetics --- General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- medische biochemie --- biofysica --- biomathematica --- biochemie --- genetica --- biometrie

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The book presents a class of new results in molecular biology for which topological methods and ideas are important. These include: the large-scale conformation properties of DNA; computational methods (Monte Carlo) allowing the simulation of large-scale properties of DNA; the tangle model of DNA recombination and other applications of Knot theory; dynamics of supercoiled DNA and biocatalitic properties of DNA; the structure of proteins; and other very recent problems in molecular biology. The text also provides a short course of modern topology intended for the broad audience of biologists and physicists. The authors are renowned specialists in their fields and some of the new results presented here are documented for the first time in monographic form.

Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Molecular biology --- General biophysics --- biofysica --- bio-informatica --- biometrie --- moleculaire biologie