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Supercharging the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is as old as the engine itself. Early on, it was used to improve the high-altitude performance of aircraft engines and later to increase the short-term peak performance in sporty or very expensive automobiles. It took nearly 30 years until it reached economic importance in the form of the ef?ciency-improving exhaust gas turbocharging of slow- and medium-speed diesel engines. It took 30 more years until it entered high-volume automotive engine production, in the form of both mechanically driven displacement compressors and modern exhaust gas turbocharging systems. Since, in spite of promising alternative developments for mobile applications, the internal combustion engine will remain dominant for the foreseeable future, its further development is essential. Today many demands are placed on automobile engines: on the one hand, consumers insistonextremeef?ciency,andontheotherhandlawsestablishstrictstandardsfor,e.g.,noiseand exhaust gas emissions. It would be extremely dif?cult for an internal combustion engine to meet these demands without the advantages afforded by supercharging. The purpose of this book is to facilitate a better understanding of the characteristics of superchargers in respect to their physical operating principles, as well as their interaction with piston engines. This applies both to the displacementcompressorandtoexhaustgasturbochargingsystems,whichoftenareverycomplex. It is not intended to cover the layout, calculation, and design of supercharging equipment as such-thisspecialareaisreservedforthepertinenttechnicalliterature-buttocoverthosequestions which are important for an ef?cient interaction between engine and supercharging system, as well as the description of the tools necessary to obtain an optimal engine-supercharger combination.

Thermodynamics --- Internal combustion engines --- Transport engineering --- thermodynamica --- transport --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- verbrandingsmotoren

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Economic conditions. Economic development --- Transport engineering --- Sea transport. Seaports --- Antwerp

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Protecting the health, safety, and performance of exploration-class mission crews against the physiological deconditioning resulting from long-term weightlessness during transit and long-term reduced gravity during surface operations will require effective, multi-system countermeasures. Artificial gravity, which would replace terrestrial gravity with inertial forces generated by rotating the transit vehicle or by short-radius human centrifuge devices within the transit vehicle or surface habitat, has long been considered a potential solution. However, despite its attractiveness as an efficient, multi-system countermeasure and its potential for improving the environment and simplifying operational activities, much still needs to be learned regarding the human response to rotating environments before artificial gravity can be successfully implemented. This book reviews the principle and rationale for using artificial gravity during space missions, and describes the current options proposed, including a short-radius centrifuge contained within a spacecraft. In Artificial Gravity, experts provide recommendations on the research needed to assess whether or not short-radius centrifuge workouts can help limit deconditioning of physiological systems. "Aided by an exquisite group of experts, Gilles Clement and Angie Bukley have managed to put together THE new, comprehensive reference book on artificial gravity. This book will be an essential resource for students, scientists, and program planners alike." -Oliver Angerer, European Space Agency "Drs. Gilles Clement and Angie Bukley have provided a unique book that looks at the practicability of artificial gravity, and have invited respected experts in the space flight community to contribute to this discourse. Like the early 1960 studies of artificial gravity, their book charts the future, guiding both seasoned investigators and students with the tools necessary for understanding the complex problems of artificial gravity and the effect of that environment on biological systems." -Millard F. Reschke, NASA, The Johnson Space Center

Space research --- Astrophysics --- Biology --- Transport engineering --- astrofysica --- biologie --- transport --- ruimte (astronomie) --- ruimtevaart

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The conference series Tra?c and Granular Flow has been established in 1995 and has since then been held biannually. At that time, the investigation of granular materials and tra?c was still somewhat exotic and was just starting to become popular among physicists. Originally the idea behind this conference series was to facilitate the c- vergence of the two ?elds, inspired by the similarities of certain phenomena and the use of similar theoretical methods. However, in recent years it has become clear that probably the di?erences between the two systems are much more interesting than the similarities. Nevertheless, the importance of various interrelations among these ?elds is still growing. The workshop continues to o?er an opportunity to stimulate this interdisciplinary research. Over the years the spectrum of topics has become much broader and has included also problems related to topics ranging from social dynamics to - ology. The conference manages to bring together people with rather di?erent background, ranging from engineering to physics, mathematics and computer science. Also the full range of scienti?c tools is represented with presentations of empirical, experimental, theoretical and mathematical work. TheworkshoponTra?candGranularFlow'05wasthesixthinthisseries. Previous conferences were held in Julic ¨ h (1995), Duisburg (1997), Stuttgart (1999), Nagoya (2001), and Delft (2003). For its 10th anniversary, Berlin was chosen as location, the largest city and capital of Germany. Berlin is also one ofthecentersfortransportrelatedresearchandhostsmanyresearchinstitutes that have a long history in the ?elds covered by the workshop.

Mathematics --- Mathematical physics --- Transport engineering --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- analyse (wiskunde) --- toegepaste wiskunde --- transport --- wiskunde --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- fysica

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Engineering litigation is rarely about who is right or who has been wronged. It is mostly about which side is able to develop and secure a winning line of argument that will, at worst, persuade a ruling body to settle the litigation in their favour or, at best, dissuade the other side from proceeding with the litigation. Engineering litigation rarely proceeds without some doubt in the case evidence. The settlement of this doubt requires the judgment of a ruling body. The case often proceeds as a formalised litigation drama. Expert witnesses can add substance and credibility to the theatre. This book makes use of a broad range of well documented case examples to draw out the appropriate level of substance and credibility needed to win over opinion. The wide-range of casebook examples in this book are based on the author's thirty-year experience in engineering litigation. There are examples of relatively simple technical evaluation to complex interactions of various strands of engineering systems from mechanical failure, product liability, human injury, fraud and crime to intellectual property. The Winning Line: A Forensic Engineer's Casebook provides a unique sourcebook for expert witness and underwriters in engineering litigation of a broad-range of well-documented case examples that can be used to plan their future litigation work and to help them develop their own winning lines of arguments. Students in forensic engineering and risk engineering will find the book's cross-disciplinary approach an ideal introduction to the subject. Dr Andrew Samuel is Professorial Fellow (hon.) in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Melbourne. He has thirty years' experience of work as an expert witness in engineering litigation of machinery failure, human injury and intellectual property and is lead consultant for the firm Engineering Investigations and Associates.

Transport engineering --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- Plant and equipment --- Production management --- transport --- machines --- kwaliteitscontrole --- ingenieurswetenschappen