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This paper explores the sources of inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa by examining the relationship between inflation, the output gap, and the real money gap. Using heterogeneous panel cointegration estimation techniques, we estimate cointegrating vectors for the production function and the real money demand function to recover the structural output and money gaps for seventeen African countries. The central finding is that both gaps contain significant information regarding the evolution of inflation, albeit with a larger role played by the money gap. There is no significant evidence of asymmetry in the relationship.

Inflation (Finance) --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Econometrics --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Production and Operations Management --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Demand for Money --- Estimation --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Output gap --- Demand for money --- Potential output --- Estimation techniques --- Production --- Prices --- Money --- Econometric analysis --- Economic theory --- Econometric models --- Uganda

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Banks and banking, Central --- Globalization --- Banques centrales --- Mondialisation --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.111.0 --- 333.841 --- 333.481 --- 332.11 --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- Inflatie. --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering. --- Inflation (Finance) --- Monetary policy --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- Inflatie

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Inflation (Finance). --- Money. --- Quantity theory of money. --- Risk. --- Quantity theory of money --- 332.41 --- Money. Monetary policy --- Inflation (Finance) --- Money --- Risk --- 333.403 --- 333.841 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Money, Quantity theory of --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Monetaire theorieën. Kwantitatieve theorie. Theorie van de incasso's. Optiek van de uitgaven en inkomens --- Inflatie --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Economics --- Uncertainty --- Probabilities --- Profit --- Risk-return relationships --- Prices --- Circular velocity of money --- Exchange --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth

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This Selected Issues paper examines competitiveness and the equilibrium real exchange rate for Ghana. It estimates a behavioral equilibrium exchange rate model for Ghana to establish to what extent real effective exchange rate (REER) movements have been driven by an adjustment to its equilibrium values, consistent with changing fundamentals. The paper discusses measures of Ghana’s external competitiveness other than the gap between the actual and the estimated equilibrium REER. Achievements, challenges, and priorities in the areas of public financial management, wage policy, tax administration, and tax policy are also described in detail.

Inflation (Finance) --- Capital movements --- Ghana --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Infrastructure --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Finance: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Macroeconomics --- Banking --- Real effective exchange rates --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Budget planning and preparation --- Commercial banks --- National accounts --- Financial institutions --- Exports --- International trade --- Banks and banking --- Finance, Public --- Saving and investment --- Budget

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The 2007 Article IV Consultation on the United Arab Emirates (UAE) examines the near- and medium-term outlook, inflation, and fiscal policy. The rapid expansion is supported by an outward-oriented development strategy and sustained high oil prices. Reforms are under way to strengthen the prudential and regulatory oversight of the banking system and the capital markets; to open the banking sector to greater competition; and to strengthen the legal framework for the financial sector. Executive Directors agreed that the key challenges will be to ensure sustained noninflationary growth and further diversification of the economy.

Inflation (Finance) --- Fiscal policy --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Government policy --- United Arab Emirates --- Federation of Arab Emirates --- UAE (United Arab Emirates) --- Imārāt al-ʻArabīyah al-Muttaḥidah --- إمارات العربية المتحدة --- Ittiḥād al-Imārāt al-ʻArabīyah --- اتحاد الإمارات العربية --- Ittiḥād Imārāt al-Khalīj al-ʻArabī --- اتحاد إمارات الخليج العربي --- Fédération des Emirats unis --- Union des Emirats arabes --- U.A.E. (United Arab Emirates) --- Emirats arabes unis --- Vereinigte Arabische Emirate --- Arabiemiirikunnat --- Arabiemiraattien liitto --- Yhdistyneet arabiemiirikunnat --- Arabiemiraatit --- Arabiemiirikuntien liitto --- Emiraatit --- Förenade Arabemiraten --- Arabemiraten --- アラブ首長国連邦 --- Arabu Shuchōkoku Renpō --- Trucial States --- Economic conditions. --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Price Level --- Deflation --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Commercial banks --- Real effective exchange rates --- Foreign assets --- Income --- Financial institutions --- Oil prices --- National accounts --- External position --- Banks and banking --- Investments, Foreign