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'Gendering the New Economy' demonstrates the ways in which gender transforms the understanding of the knowledge-based economy, addressing the nature of knowledge and what constitutes the newness of current employment forms. It rethinks the processes of both de-gendering and re-gendering of working practices in the context of both the deregulation and re-regulation of employment. A comparative analysis of the US, UK, Germany and Japan underpins the rethinking of the varieties of capitalism and the comparative analysis of gender relations.

Information technology --- Technologie de l'information --- Economic aspects. --- Aspect économique --- Knowledge economy. --- Aspect économique

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While there is considerable empirical evidence on the impact of liberalizing trade in goods, the effects of services liberalization have not been empirically established. Using firm-level data from the Czech Republic for the period 1998-2003, this study examines the link between services sector reforms and the productivity of domestic firms in downstream manufacturing. Several aspects of services reform are considered and measured, namely, the increased presence of foreign providers, privatization, and enhanced competition. The manufacturing-services linkage is measured using information on the degree to which manufacturing firms in a particular industry rely on intermediate inputs from specific services sectors. The econometric results lead to two conclusions. First, the study finds that services policy matters for the productivity of manufacturing firms relying on services inputs. This finding is robust to several econometric specifications, including controlling for unobservable firm heterogeneity and for other aspects of openness. Second, it finds evidence that opening services sectors to foreign providers is a key channel through which services liberalization contributes to improved performance of downstream manufacturing sectors. This finding is robust to instrumenting for the extent of foreign presence in services industries. As most barriers to foreign investment today are not in goods but in services sectors, the findings may strengthen the argument for reform in this area.

Bank --- Banking --- Banks --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Cred Enterprises --- Debt Markets --- E-Business --- Economic Theory and Research --- Education --- Education for the Knowledge Economy --- Emerging Markets --- Equilibrium Models --- Finance --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Foreign Entry --- Governments --- Industry --- Infrastructure --- Insurance --- Knowledge Economy --- Labor --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Markets --- Operating Costs --- Private Sector Development --- Privatization --- Productivity --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures --- Services --- Social Protections and Labor --- Transport --- Value

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The generation, diffusion, absorption and application of new technology, knowledge or ideas are crucial drivers of development. This paper surveys the diverse approaches to innovation adopted by East Asian economies, the problems faced and outcomes achieved, as well as possible policy lessons. Knowledge flows from advanced countries remain the primary source of new ideas in developing economies. The authors evaluate the role of three main channels for knowledge flows to East Asia - international trade, acquisition of disembodied knowledge and foreign direct investment. The paper then looks at the exceptionally fast growth in domestic innovation efforts in Korea, Taiwan (China), Singapore and China, drawing on information about R&D as well as original analysis of patent and patent citation data. Citation analysis shows that while East Asian innovations continue to draw heavily on knowledge flows from the US and Japan, citations to the same or to other East Asian economies are quickly rising, indicating the emergence of national and regional knowledge stocks as a foundation for innovation. A last section pulls together findings about policies and institutions to foster innovation, under three heads: the overall business environment for innovation (macroeconomic stability, financial development, openness, competition, intellectual property rights and the quality of communications infrastructure), human capital development, and government fiscal support for innovation.

Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems --- Agriculture --- Business Environment --- E-Business --- Economic Theory and Research --- Environment for Innovation --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Industry --- Innovation --- Innovations --- Intellectual Property --- Intellectual Property Rights --- International Trade --- Knowledge Economy --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- New Technology --- Private Sector Development --- R&D --- Rural Development --- Technology Industry

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The generation, diffusion, absorption and application of new technology, knowledge or ideas are crucial drivers of development. This paper surveys the diverse approaches to innovation adopted by East Asian economies, the problems faced and outcomes achieved, as well as possible policy lessons. Knowledge flows from advanced countries remain the primary source of new ideas in developing economies. The authors evaluate the role of three main channels for knowledge flows to East Asia - international trade, acquisition of disembodied knowledge and foreign direct investment. The paper then looks at the exceptionally fast growth in domestic innovation efforts in Korea, Taiwan (China), Singapore and China, drawing on information about R&D as well as original analysis of patent and patent citation data. Citation analysis shows that while East Asian innovations continue to draw heavily on knowledge flows from the US and Japan, citations to the same or to other East Asian economies are quickly rising, indicating the emergence of national and regional knowledge stocks as a foundation for innovation. A last section pulls together findings about policies and institutions to foster innovation, under three heads: the overall business environment for innovation (macroeconomic stability, financial development, openness, competition, intellectual property rights and the quality of communications infrastructure), human capital development, and government fiscal support for innovation.

Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems --- Agriculture --- Business Environment --- E-Business --- Economic Theory and Research --- Environment for Innovation --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Industry --- Innovation --- Innovations --- Intellectual Property --- Intellectual Property Rights --- International Trade --- Knowledge Economy --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- New Technology --- Private Sector Development --- R&D --- Rural Development --- Technology Industry

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This paper analyzes the process of Internet diffusion across the world using a panel of 199 countries during 1990-2004. The authors group countries in two categories-low and high-income countries-and show that the Internet diffusion process is well characterized by an S-shape curve for both groups. Low-income countries display a steeper diffusion curve that is equivalent to a right shift of the diffusion curve for high-income countries. The estimated diffusion curves provide evidence of a "catching-up" process, although a very slow one. The paper explores the determinants of Internet diffusion at the country level and across the same income groups. The most novel finding is that network effects seem to be crucial-the number of Internet users in a country in a given year is positively associated with the number of users in the previous year. The findings also show that the degree of competition in the provision of Internet service contributes positively to its diffusion, and there are significant positive language externalities.

Basic --- Computers --- Connectivity --- Digital --- E-Business --- Education --- Education for the Knowledge Economy --- High-Speed --- Income --- Industry --- Information Security and Privacy --- Information Technologies --- Innovations --- Internet Services --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- New Technology --- Private Sector Development --- Simulation --- Social Protections and Labor --- Technology Industry