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Smallpox was for several centuries one of the most deadly, most contagious and most feared of diseases. Williamson's extraordinary study charts the history of one of the most controversial techniques in medical history that raises much debate to this day. Originating probably in Africa, smallpox progressed via the Middle and Near East, where it was studied around the end of the first millennium by Arab physicians. It arrived in Britain during the Elizabethan times and was well established by the seventeenth century. During the closing years of the 18th Century a most far reaching and ultimately controversial development took place when Edward Jenner developed an inoculation for Smallpox based on a culture from Cowpox. The Vaccination Controversy examines the astonishing speed at which Jenner's technique of 'vaccination' was taken up, culminating in the 'Compulsory Vaccination Act of 1853'. The Act made a painful and sometimes fatal medical practice for all children obligatory and as a result set an important precedent for governmental regulation of medical welfare. The Act remained in force until 1946 and was only ended after decades of intense pressure from the National Anti-vaccination League, but the issues raised by Williamson's accessible text remain current today in debates about vaccination programs. Meticulously researched, The Vaccination Controversy highlights the social, political and ethical consequences of compulsory vaccination and the massive repercussions that followed the ending of a policy through argued by many to be the most major medical resistance campaign in European medical history.
Smallpox Vaccine --- Disease Outbreaks --- History, 18th Century, --- History, 19th Century. --- Mass Vaccination. --- Mass Immunization --- Immunization, Mass --- Mass Immunizations --- Mass Vaccinations --- Vaccination, Mass --- Mass Drug Administration --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- history. --- United Kingdom. --- Great Britain --- Isle of Man --- Smallpox --- Vaccination --- History. --- Small pox --- Variola --- Varioloid --- Poxvirus diseases
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Consisting of a series of case studies, this book is devoted to the concept and uses of salt in early modern science, which have played a crucial role in the evolution of matter theory from Aristotelian concepts of the elements to Newtonian chymistry. No reliable study on this subject has been previously available. Its exploration of natural history’s and medicine’s intersection with chemical investigation in early modern England demonstrates the growing importance of the senses and experience as causes of intellectual change from 1650-1750. It demonstrates that an understanding of the changing definitions of “salt” is also crucial to a historical comprehension of the transition between alchemy and chemistry.
Sodium Chloride --- History, 17th Century --- History, 18th Century --- Science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Sodium Chloride, (22)Na --- Sodium Chloride, (24)NaCl --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- 17th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 17th Cent. History of Medicine --- 17th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 17th Century --- History of Medicine, 17th Cent. --- History, Seventeenth Century --- Medical History, 17th Cent. --- Medicine, 17th Cent. --- 17th Century History --- 17th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 17th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 17th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, Seventeenth --- Century History, 17th --- Century History, Seventeenth --- Histories, 17th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 17th Century --- Histories, Seventeenth Century --- History, 17th Cent. (Medicine) --- Seventeenth Century Histories --- Seventeenth Century History --- history --- chemistry --- therapeutic use --- Philosophy --- History --- Helmont, Jean Baptiste van, --- Paracelsus, --- Helmont, Johann Baptist van, --- Helmont, Joh. Bapt. Van --- Helmont, Joannes Baptista van, --- Helmont, Joan Baptista van, --- Helmont, Jan Baptist van, --- Helmont, Jan Baptista van, --- Helmont, Jan Baptiste van, --- Helmont, Ioannes Baptista van, --- Helmont, J. B. van, --- Helmond, Johannes, --- Van Helmont, Jan Baptiste, --- Van Helmont, Jean Baptiste, --- Van Helmont, Joannes Baptista, --- von Hohenheim, Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus --- von Hohenheim, Theophrast --- Influence. --- Medicine --- Salt --- Renaissance. --- Renaissance --- Revival of letters --- Civilization --- History, Modern --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Modern --- Humanism --- Middle Ages --- Brine --- Halite --- Sodium chloride --- Table salt --- Chlorides --- Halide minerals --- Sodium salts --- Health Workforce --- History. --- Health aspects.
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