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Implication des prostaglandines dans l'effet anti-fibrotique de l'IL-9

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Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an anarchic fibroblast proliferation and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, leading to parenchyma destruction and, as a consequence, to organ dysfunction. In our laboratory, it was previously shown that mice overexpressing interleukin (IL) -9 (Tg5) develop less alveolar fibrosis than wild type mice (FVB) after intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin. Increased levels of the anti-fibrotic mediator prostaglandin (PG) E2 was observed in the broncho-alveolar lavage of bleomycin-treated Tg5, suggesting a role of PGE2, and possibly of other eicosanoids, in the protection conferred by IL-9. To investigate the potential role of eicosanoids in the anti-fibrotic activity of IL-9, we first studied the expression of biosynthetic enzymes and receptors of eicosanoids in FVB and Tg5 lungs and found a stronger expression of the 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX-15, synthesis of lipoxins), PGD synthase (PGDS, synthesis of PGD2) as well as receptors of PGI2 and PGD2, respectively IP and DP, in Tg5 compared to FVB. We also observed that PGDS was strongly overexpressed in the lung of both strains in response to bleomycin. By crossing Tg5 mice with IL-13 deficient mice, we determined that the overexpression of these genes in the lung of Tg5 was totally (DP) or partially (other genes) dependent on IL-13, a cytokine induced by IL-9. To investigate the role of PG, and particularly of PGD2, in the anti-fibrotic activity of IL-9, their synthesis or PGD2 receptor DP was respectively blocked with indomethacin (inhibitor of cyclooxygenases implicated in the synthesis of PG and thromboxanes) or DP antagonist. Treatment with indomethacin partially reduced the anti-fibrotic effect of IL-9 whereas we did not observe any modification of fibrotic response in Tg5 treated with a DP antagonist. Considering the anti-fibrotic character of PGE2 as well as the PGD2 and present results, we propose that both PGs might participate actively in the anti-fibrotic activity of IL-9. La fibrose pulmonaire est caractérisée par une prolifération anarchique fibroblastique et un remodelage de la matrice extracellulaire, menant à la destruction du parenchyme pulmonaire et, par conséquent, à la perte de la fonction de l'organe. Dans notre laboratoire, il a précédemment été montré que des souris surexprimant l'interleukine (IL)-9 (Tg5) développent moins de fibrose pulmonaire que des souris wild type (FVB) suite à l'instillation intra-trachéale de bléomycine. Des niveaux plus élevés du médiateur anti-fibrotique prostaglandine (PG) E2 ont été observés dans le lavage broncho-alvéolaire des souris Tg5 traitées à la bléomycine, suggérant un rôle de la PGE2, et peut-être d'autres éicosanoïdes, dans la protection conférée par l'IL-9. Au cours de cette année, nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle hypothétique des éicosanoïdes dans l'effet anti-fibrotique de l'IL-9. Dans un premier temps, l'étude de l'expression des enzymes et des récepteurs respectivement impliqués dans les voies de biosynthèse et de signalisation des éicosanoïdes ont révélé une surexpression de la lipoxygénase 15 (ALOX-15, synthèse des lipoxines), de la PGD synthase (PGDS, synthèse de la PGD2) et des récepteurs de la PGI2 et PGD2, respectivement IP et DP, dans les poumons de souris Tg5 par rapport aux souris FVB. Nous avons également observé que la PGDS était fortement surexprimée suite au traitement à la bléomycine dans les deux souches. A l'aide de croisements entre les Tg5 et des souris déficientes pour l'IL-13, nous avons observé que la modification de l'expression de ces enzymes et récepteurs chez les Tg5 était totalement (DP) ou en partie dépendante de l'IL-13 (autres gènes). Finalement, afin de déterminer le rôle des prostaglandines, et plus particulièrement de la PGD2, dans l'activité anti-fibrotique de l'IL-9, leur synthèse ainsi que l'action de la PGD2 sur son récepteur DP ont respectivement été inhibées à l'aide d'indométacine, un inhibiteur spécifique des cyclooxygénases impliquées dans la synthèse des prostaglandines et du thromboxane, et d'un antagoniste spécifique de DP. Suite au traitement à l'indométacine, une réduction de l'effet anti-fibrotique de l'IL-9 a été observée tandis l'administration de l'antagoniste du récepteur DP n'a indiqué jusqu'à présent aucune différence quant au développement de la fibrose. Vu le caractère anti-fibrotique des PGE2 et PGD2 et les résultats observés dans cette étude, nous supposons que ces deux prostaglandines participent activement dans l'activité anti-fibrotique de l'IL-9.

Cystic fibrosis
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9780340907580 0340907584 Year: 2007 Publisher: London : Hodder Arnold,

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Macrophage phenotype in F508del-CF mice : effect of azithromycin

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Background : Airway inflammation is of pivotal importance in cystic fibrosis (DF) lung disease. We have previously demonstrated in F508del-CF mice a lung inflammation characterized by macrophage infiltration which reduced after azithromycin treatment. The present study aimed at characterizing phenotype of macrophages isolated from wild-type or F508del-CF (CF) mice and assessing the effects of azithromycin on these immune cells.
Methods : Macrophages purified from lung and peritoneal cavity were stimulated either with lipopolysaccarides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa plus interferon-γ or with interleukin-(IL)-4 plus IL-13, either in the presence or in the absence of 1mg/l azithromycin. Macrophage phenotypes were investigated in primary culture 6h after stimulation by different M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) markers at the mRNA level.
Results : A marked macrophage infiltration was observed in both lungs and peritoneal cavity suggesting a systemic macrophage accumulation in CF mice. Non-stimulated and stimulated CF peritoneal macrophages overexpressed M1 (IL1-β and TNF-α) and M2 (Arginase-1, IL-10 and A20) markers as compared to wild-type peritoneal cells. Similar pattern of responses to M1 and M2 stimuli were observed in CF alveolar macrophages. These findings indicated that the immune responses are exacerbated in CF macrophages. Curiously, in non-stimulated CD alveolar macrophages the expression of M1 and M2 mediators was down-regulated. Moreover, we found that azithromycin reduced M1 macrophages activation in CF and wild-type alveolar macrophage.
Conclusions : Our findings further support the concept that overall macrophage immune responses are altered in CF and that azithromycin particularly downregulates M1 differentiation


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The power of two : a twin triumph over cystic fibrosis
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 0826273424 9780826273420 0826220320 9780826220325 Year: 2007 Publisher: Columbia, Missouri : University of Missouri Press,

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For most people, a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis means the certainty of a life ended too soon. But for Isabel Stenzel Byrnes and Anabel Stenzel, twin girls with the disease, what began as a family's stubborn determination grew into a miracle. The tragedy of CF has been touchingly recounted in such books as Frank Deford's Alex: The Life of a Child, but The Power of Two is the first book to portray the symbiotic relationship of twins who share this life-threatening disease through adulthood. Isabel and Anabel tell of their lifelong struggle to pursue normal lives with cystic fibrosis while grappling with the realization that they will die young. Their story reflects the physical and emotional challenges of a particularly aggressive form of CF and is an honest and gripping portrayal of the daily struggle associated with long-term hospitalization, the impact of chronic illness on marriage and family, and the importance of a support network to continuing survival. Born in 1972, seventeen years before scientists discovered the genetic mutation that causes CF, the Stenzel twins endured the daily regimen of chest percussion, frequent doctor visits, and lengthy hospitalizations. But in the face of innumerable setbacks, their deep-seated dependence on each other allowed them to survive long enough to reap the benefits of the miraculous lung transplants that marked a turning point in their lives: "We have an old life--one of growing up with chronic illness--and anew life--one of opportunities and gifts we have never imagined before." In this memoir, they pay tribute to the people who shaped their experience. These two remarkable sisters have much to teach about the power of perseverance-and about the ultimate power of hope.


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Handboek longziekten
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9789033465017 Year: 2007 Publisher: Leuven Acco

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1. Anatomie van de luchtwegen2. Fysiologie en pathofysiologie3. Spirometrie4. Klinische semiologie en radiologie5. Slaap-apnoe-syndroom6. COPD7. Astma8. Bovensteluchtwegeninfecties - mucoviscidose9. Lageluchtweginfecties10. Tuberculose11. Bronchuscarcinoom12. Diffuse parenchymateuze longziekten13. Pleurapathologie en overzicht chirurgische technieken14. Longtransplantatie15. Rookstop16. Longembool17. Casestudies

Keywords

Pathology of the respiratory system --- astma --- COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) --- longcarcinoom --- pneumologie --- apneu --- TBC (tuberculose) --- ademhalingsstelsel --- longtransplantatie --- 615.8 --- 616 --- 616.24 --- longziekten --- 605.14 --- COPD --- EAA (extrinsieke allergische alveolitis) --- IPF (ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis) --- ademhaling --- bronchitis --- casestudies --- chirurgie --- epiglottitis* --- faryngitis --- griep --- kinkhoest --- longembolie --- longfunctie-onderzoek --- longoedeem --- longontsteking --- luchtwegen --- luchtweginfectie --- mucoviscidose --- radiologie --- roken --- sarcoïdose --- schimmels* --- sinusitis --- slaapapneusyndroom --- snurken --- spirometrie --- thoracoscopie --- thorascopie --- thoraxdrainage --- tuberculose --- valse kroep --- verkoudheid --- Pneumologie (longziekten) --- ademhalingsstelsel (luchtwegen) --- alveolitis --- apneu (dyspnoe) --- bronchuscarcinoom --- epiglottitis --- laryngitis --- longfibrose --- longfunctieonderzoek --- longontsteking (pneumonie) --- mucoviscidose (cystic fibrosis, kystische fibrose, pancreasfibrose) --- pneumologie (ademhalingsziekten, longziekten, luchtwegenziekten) --- pulmonale hypertensie --- rinitis --- slaapstoornissen --- tuberculose (TBC) --- 616.24 Lungs. Pulmonary complaints --- Lungs. Pulmonary complaints --- Fysiotherapie. Fysische therapie. Radiotherapie. Andere niet-medicinale therapeutische behandelingen --- Pathologie. Klinische geneeskunde --- ziekten van de ademhalingsorganen --- Ziekten van ademhalingsorganen - Pneumologie --- (zie ook: bronchioli) --- Contains audio-visual material --- Component parts --- Longen --- Ziekten --- fysiologie --- gevallenstudie --- kwaadaardige gezwellen --- medische beeldvorming --- pathofysiologie --- transplantatie --- Lungs --- Diseases --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Long (orgaan) --- Ziekte

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