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Female "circumcision" or, more precisely, female genital cutting (FGC), remains an important cultural practice in many African countries, often serving as a coming-of-age ritual. It is also a practice that has generated international dispute and continues to be at the center of debates over women's rights, the limits of cultural pluralism, the balance of power between local cultures, international human rights, and feminist activism. In our increasingly globalized world, these practices have also begun immigrating to other nations, where transnational complexities vex debates about how to resolve the issue. Bringing together thirteen essays, Transcultural Bodies provides an ethnographically rich exploration of FGC among African diasporas in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia. Contributors analyze changes in ideologies of gender and sexuality in immigrant communities, the frequent marginalization of African women's voices in debates over FGC, and controversies over legislation restricting the practice in immigrant populations.

Infibulation. --- Female circumcision. --- Labiorrhapy --- Female circumcision --- Vulva --- Circumcision, Female --- Clitoridotomy --- Female genital cutting --- Female genital modification --- Female genital mutilation --- FGC (Female genital cutting) --- FGM (Female genital mutilation) --- Genital cutting, Female --- Genital mutilation, Female --- Mutilation, Female genital --- Body marking --- Clitoris --- Initiation rites --- Surgery --- Female genital mutilation.

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Women --- Abused women --- Women refugees --- Femmes --- Femmes victimes de violence --- Réfugiées --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- Conditions sociales --- Conditions économiques --- Female circumcision --- Feminism --- Crimes against --- Abused women. --- Female circumcision. --- Women refugees. --- Feminism. --- Crimes against. --- BPB0801 --- 343.615-055.2 --- Vrouwenmishandeling --- 343.615-055.2 Vrouwenmishandeling --- Réfugiées --- Conditions économiques --- Crimes against women --- Femicide --- Women victims of crime --- Refugee women --- Refugees --- Emancipation of women --- Feminist movement --- Women's lib --- Women's liberation --- Women's liberation movement --- Women's movement --- Social movements --- Anti-feminism --- Circumcision, Female --- Clitoridotomy --- Female genital cutting --- Female genital modification --- Female genital mutilation --- FGC (Female genital cutting) --- FGM (Female genital mutilation) --- Genital cutting, Female --- Genital mutilation, Female --- Mutilation, Female genital --- Body marking --- Clitoris --- Initiation rites --- Battered women --- Victims of crimes --- Battered woman syndrome --- Emancipation --- Surgery --- Women - Crimes against --- Violence envers les femmes --- Droits de l'homme (droit international) --- Protection, assistance, etc. --- Droits --- 1990-....

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This strategy paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the issue of female genital mutilation/cutting-scope,challenges, opportunities, best practices, and how communities, development agencies, and national governments can work together to eliminate the practices on the ground. The World Bank is committed to assisting governments in ending the practice of female genital cutting, as the practice has a direct, negative impact on the health and well-being of women around the world. The recommendations set forth in this paper take advantage of the World Bank's comparative advantage in deali

Economic development -- Africa. --- Female circumcision -- Africa. --- Female circumcision. --- Women -- Health and hygiene -- Africa. --- Women in development -- Africa. --- World Bank. --- Female circumcision --- Women --- Women in development --- Economic development --- Gender & Ethnic Studies --- Ethnic & Race Studies --- Social Sciences --- Health and hygiene --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Circumcision, Female --- Clitoridotomy --- Female genital cutting --- Female genital modification --- Female genital mutilation --- FGC (Female genital cutting) --- FGM (Female genital mutilation) --- Genital cutting, Female --- Genital mutilation, Female --- Mutilation, Female genital --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Body marking --- Clitoris --- Initiation rites --- Surgery --- Világbank --- Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ bank dli︠a︡ rekonstrukt︠s︡ii i razvitii︠a︡ --- MBRR --- Sekai Ginkō --- Kokusai Fukkō Kaihatsu Ginkō --- Kukche Puhŭng Kaebal Ŭnhaeng --- Segye Ŭnhaeng --- IBRD --- Welt Bank --- Weltbank --- Banque mondiale --- Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento --- Banco Mundial --- B.I.R.D. --- BIRD --- Banca Internațională pentru Reconstrucție și Dezvoltare --- Mirovoĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ bank rekonstrukt︠s︡iï i rozvytku --- Verdensbanken --- Międzynarodowy Bank Rozwoju i Odbudowy --- Bank al-Dawlī lil-Inshāʼ wa-al-Taʻmīr --- Bank al-Dawlī --- Världsbanken --- Banca ricostruzione e sviluppo --- Banca di ricostruzione e sviluppo --- BIRF --- I.B.R.D. --- B.I.R.F. --- Shih chieh yin hang --- Shi jie yin hang --- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- World Bank Group. World Bank --- Thanākhān Lōk --- Bank Światowy --- Viśva Baiṅka --- Lōka Băṅkuva --- Ngân hàng Thế giới --- Vsemirnyĭ Bank --- Bank Dunia --- Msopʻlio Bankis --- Banca Mondială --- BM --- Prapañca Byāṅku --- Banca mondiale --- Banca internazionale per la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo --- Dhanāgār Bibhab Lok --- البنك الدولي --- بنك الدولي --- 世界銀行 --- 世界银行 --- 国際復興開発銀行 --- Dėlkhiĭn Bank --- Дэлхийн Банк --- Hamashkharhayin Banki --- Svetska Banka --- Wereldbank --- Internationale bank voor herstel en ontwikkeling