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"Identifies extremophiles, explores their unique ecologies, explains their physiologies, and discusses biotechnological applications. Describes the environments where these organisms reside and sheds light, at the molecular level, on the mechanisms that enable these unique organisms to survive. Covers all known types of extremophiles (including thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, piezophiles, and alkaliphiles). Serves as an essential volume for a variety of scientists, including microbiologists, biochemists, physiologists, biotechnology specialists, ecologists, and physical scientists such as chemists and astronomers." -- Publisher's description.

Extreme environments --- Milieux extrêmes --- Microbiology. --- Microbiologie --- ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL --- ARCHAEA --- BACTERIAL PROTEINS --- BIODIVERSITY --- ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY --- EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS --- MICROBIOLOGY --- PHYSIOLOGY

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Microbes are very small and, as individuals, are capable of influencing a portion of the environment only slightly larger than their own body size, i.e., a few microns. However, their impact on the landscape is enormous, and ecosystem processes such as organic matter decomposition, denitrification, and metal oxidation/reduction are measured on scales of meters to kilometers. This volume highlights recent advances that have contributed to our understanding of spatial patterns and scale issues in microbial ecology, and brings together research conducted at a range of spatial scales (from µm to km) and in a variety of different types of environments. These topics are addressed in a quantitative manner, and a primer on statistical methods is included to aid the unfamiliar reader. In soil ecosystems, both bacteria and fungi are discussed, and the spatial patterns are interpreted in an ecological context that considers issues such as nutrient availability, vegetation distribution and growth patterns, and microbial colonization. In aquatic systems, focus is on the distribution of planktonic forms including phytoplankton and microzooplankton. The reader should gain insight on how to integrate information across spatial scales, which is necessary in order to understand and predict how these tiny organisms can have such a profound effect on landscape and ecosystem-level processes.

Microbial ecology. --- Microorganisms. --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Germs --- Micro-organisms --- Microbes --- Microscopic organisms --- Organisms --- Statistics. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Statistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences. --- Biogeosciences. --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Statistics . --- Geobiology. --- Biology --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere

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Molecular biology --- Microbial genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microbial genomics. --- Sequence Analysis, DNA --- Genomics --- Genetics, Microbial --- Environmental Microbiology --- Sequence Analysis --- Microbiology --- Public Health --- Computational Biology --- Genetics --- Biology --- Environment and Public Health --- Genetic Techniques --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Health Care --- Investigative Techniques --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genomics. --- Genetics. --- Bioinformatics.

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Microalgae have been largely cultured and commercialized as food and feed additives, and their potential as source of high-added value compounds is well known. But, in contrast to the large number of genetically modified bacteria, yeast and even higher plants, only a few species of microalgae have been genetically transformed with efficiency. Initial difficulties in the expression of foreign genes in microalgae have been progressively overcome, and powerful molecular tools for their genetic engineering are now on hand. A considerable collection of promoters and selectable marker genes and an increasing number of genomic or cDNA sequences have become available in recent years. More work is needed to transform new species of microalgae, specially those that have commercial value, so that it would be possible to increase the productivity of traditional compounds or synthesize novel ones. Silencing transgenes remains as an important limitation for stable expression of foreign genes. This problem is not unique to microalgae since it has also been observed in plants, animals and fungi. A better understanding of the mechanisms that control the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is therefore needed. In this book a group of outstanding researchers working on different areas of microalgae biotechnology offer a global vision of the genetic manipulation of microalgae and their applications.

Algae --- Biological Factors --- Bioreactors. --- Biotechnology --- Genetic transformation. --- Microalgae --- Transformation, Genetic. --- physiology. --- biosynthesis. --- methods. --- Biotechnology. --- Physiology. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Cell biology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Botanical science --- Floristic botany --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Physiology

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Microbes produce an extraordinary array of defense systems. These include bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial molecules with narrow killing spectra, produced by bacteria. The book describes the diversity and ecological role of bacteriocins of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, presenting a new classification scheme for the former and a state-of-the-art look at the role of bacteriocins in bacterial communication. It discusses the molecular evolution of colicins and colicin-like bacteriocins, and provides a contemporary overview of archaeocins, bacteriocin-like antimicrobials produced by archaebacteria. Furthermore, various modeling (in silico) studies elucidate the role of bacteriocins in microbial community dynamics and fitness, delving into rock-paper-scissors competition and the counter-intuitive survival of the weakest. The book makes compelling reading for a multi-faceted scientific audience, including those working in the fields of biodiversity and biotechnology, notably in the human and animal health domain.

Bacteriocins. --- Gram-negative bacteria. --- Gram-positive bacteria. --- Bacteria --- Antibacterial agents --- Bacteriology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Microbiology. --- Biochemistry. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Microbial Ecology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Environmental microbiology --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Composition --- Evolutionary biology. --- Medical microbiology.