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Evolution. --- Biodiversity. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Philosophy --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology

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'Evolution and Emergence' is a collection of essays by experts in the field, exploring how nature works to produce systems of increasing complexity from simple components, and how our understanding of this phenomenon of emergence can lead us to a deeper appreciation of both our humanity and our relationship to God.

Emergence (Philosophy) --- Science --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Emergent evolution (Philosophy) --- Emergent laws (Philosophy) --- Emergent philosophy --- Emergent properties (Philosophy) --- Emergent structure (Philosophy) --- Emergentism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Evolution --- Philosophy. --- Science - Philosophy.

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In this, the first of two ground-breaking volumes on the nature of language in the light of the way it evolved, James Hurford looks at the origins of meaning and of its expression in language and reviews a mass of evidence to uncover the evolutionary path between the non-speaking minds of apes and our own speaking minds. This is a landmark contribution to the understanding of linguistic and thinking processes, and the fullest account yet published of the evolution of language and. communication. - ;In this, the first of two ground-breaking volumes on the nature of language in the light of the

Communication. --- Evolution. --- Semantics --- History. --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Mass communications --- 800 --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- 800 Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek --- Communication --- Evolution --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philosophy --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- History

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Mathematical models in biology and medicine cannot be based on natural laws as it is the case with physics and chemistry. This is due to the fact that biological and medical processes are concerned with living organisms. Mathematical models, however, can be used as a language by which certain aspects of biological or medical processes can be expressed. In general, several mathematical models can be designed in order to describe a biological or medical process and there is no unique criterion which model gives the best description. This book presents several of these models and shows applications of them to different biological and medical problems. The book shows that operations research expertise is necessary in respect to modeling, analysis and optimization of biosystems.

Biology --- Medicine --- Evolution --- Hemodialysis --- Mathematical models. --- Blood --- Blood dialysis --- Extracorporeal dialysis --- Kidney dialysis --- Renal dialysis --- Dialysis --- Therapeutics --- Philosophy --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Biomathematics --- Biological models --- Filtration --- Cytology --- Operations research. --- Hematology. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Biological Techniques. --- Operations Research/Decision Theory. --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics. --- Research --- Methodology. --- Operational analysis --- Operational research --- Industrial engineering --- Management science --- System theory --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Haematology --- Internal medicine --- Diseases --- Biomathematics. --- Biology—Technique. --- Decision making. --- Control engineering. --- Robotics. --- Mechatronics. --- Mathematics --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Decision making

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The theory of nonlinear, complex systems has become by now a proven problem-solving approach in the natural sciences. It is also recognized that many, if not most, of our social, ecological, economical and political problems are essentially of a global, complex and nonlinear nature. And it is now further accepted than any holistic perspective of the human mind and brain can hardly be achieved by any other approach. In this wide-ranging, scholarly but very concise treatment, Klaus Mainzer (physicist, computer scientist and philosopher) discusses, in essentially nontechnical language, the common framework behind these ideas and challenges. Emphasis is given to the evolution of new structures in natural and cultural systems, and we are lead to see clearly how the new integrative approach can give insights not available from traditional reductionistic methods. The fifth edition enlarges and revises almost all sections and include an entirely new chapter on the complexity of economic systems. From the reviews of the fourth edition: "… this highly recommended book is a wonderful resource for intuitive basic ideas in the need of rigorous formulation." (Albert A. Mullin, Zentralblatt MATH) "This book is ambitious, incredibly erudite with 22 pages of references, and is indisputably clearly and beautifully written and illustrated. It is perfectly suited to a first course on the science of complexity. Even beginners and young graduate students will have something to learn from this book." (André Hautot, Physicalia) "Readers of this book will enjoy Mainzer’s exposition, which is based on a tight coupling between classical and historical concepts from Plato and Aristotle to modern, mathematical and physical developments … . takes pains to point out essential differences between classical science and the science of complexity. … Thinking in Complexity is an outstandingly readable book." (Anutosh Moitra, The Industrial Physicist).

Science --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Nonlinear theories. --- Philosophy. --- Nonlinear problems --- Nonlinearity (Mathematics) --- Calculus --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical physics --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Science (General). --- Philosophy (General). --- Artificial intelligence. --- Bioinformatics. --- Popular Science, general. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Complex Systems. --- Philosophy, general. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Data processing --- Popular works. --- Philosophy and science. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Mathematical statistics --- Science and philosophy --- Statistical methods