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OECD Insights are a series of reader-friendly books that use OECD analysis and data to introduce some of today’s most pressing social and economic issues. They are written for the non-specialist reader, including interested laypeople, older high-school students and university freshmen. The books use straightforward language, avoid technical terms, and illustrate theory with real-world examples. They also feature statistics drawn from the OECD’s unique collection of internationally comparable data. Online, you can find a number of special features to enhance each book’s educational potential.
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La série de livres Les essentiels de l’OCDE est facile à lire : elle utilise les analyses et les chiffres de l’OCDE afin de présenter les problèmes sociaux et économiques actuels les plus en pointe. Elle est écrite à la fois pour le profane, les anciens élèves du secondaire et de première année universitaire. Le vocabulaire est à la portée de tous, il évite les termes techniques et illustre les théories par des exemples tirés de la vraie vie. Cette série fait également appel aux statistiques issues de la base de données mondiale unique de l’OCDE. Sur le produit en ligne, un certain nombre de caractéristiques permettent de renforcer le potentiel éducatif de chaque livre.
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Die OECD in Zahlen, Ausgabe 2006" enthält Schlüsseldaten zu Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Umwelt in den OECD-Ländern. Die Publikation bietet Vergleichstabellen zum gesamten Arbeitsspektrum der Organisation - von Volkseinkommen und Industrie über Beschäftigung und Forschung bis hin zu Bankwesen.
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Cet article porte sur l'explication du succès économique du Japon après la Seconde Guerre mondiale et sur l'interprétation des frictions commerciales récentes entre le Japon et les États-Unis. Il est divisé en trois parties. La première porte sur l'explication donnée par des auteurs, que l'on a appelés les révisionnistes, du succès japonais depuis 1945. Cette explication se fonde sur une conception de la société japonaise comme différente des sociétés occidentales, en particulier dans ses arrangements institutionnels et dans sa politique industrielle. La seconde comprend un examen des postulats théoriques sous-jacents à l'explication révisionniste. La troisième présente les bases d'une interprétation différente du succès japonais, interprétation plus complexe qui tient compte, en plus de la politique industrielle et des arrangements institutionnels, de la culture, des relations internationales et de la conjoncture historique. This article deals with the interpretation of Japan's postwar economic success and of Japan-USA trade frictions and is divided in three sections. The first is an examination of the position of the so-called revisionists on Japan's economic success and USA-Japan trade frictions. The revisionnists explain these points by reference to Japan's peculiar institutional arrangements or to a special kind of industrial policy. In the second, there is an examination of the theoretical assumptions on which revisionist explanations are based. The third is a presentation of basic elements of another, more complex interpretation of Japan's success, that takes into account industrial policy, institutional arrangements, culture, international relations and historical conjoncture.
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This paper assesses the consequences of immigration for natives' unemployment in OECD countries and investigates the role played by product and labour market policies in the economy's adjustment to immigration inflows. The estimations, combining a skill level and an aggregate approach using data for males, cover eighteen OECD countries over the period 1984-2003. While no significant long-run impact is found, an increase in the share of immigrants in the labour force is estimated to raise temporarily natives' unemployment, over a period of approximately five to ten years. Anticompetitive product market regulations are found to increase both the magnitude and the persistence of this impact, while more stringent employment protection legislation magnifies its persistence, and a higher average replacement rate of unemployment benefits increases its magnitude.
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This paper assesses the impact on economic growth of increased efficiency of public spending in primary and lower-secondary education. Higher efficiency in public spending in schools can bolster growth through two main channels. On the one hand, it can allow a transfer of labour from the public sector to the business sector at unchanged educational output. On the other, it can enhance educational output and productivity of the future labour force at unchanged public employment and expenditures. The paper argues that, in most cases, efficiency gains...
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This paper presents composite indicators of the institutional and policy characteristics of educational systems, collated from the questionnaire responses of 26 Member countries. These indicators provide an overview of the institutional framework in the primary and secondary education sector and are constructed so as to be used for the analysis of international differences in spending efficiency. The key features of the institutional setting in the non-tertiary education sector are grouped under three headings: i) the ability to prioritise and allocate resources efficiently (through decentralisation and mechanisms matching resources to specific needs); ii) the efficiency in managing spending at the local level (through outcome-focused policies and managerial autonomy), and iii) the efficiency in service provision (through benchmarking and user choice). For each country, an intermediate indicator is computed for each of these six institutional properties. Composite indicators then combine the six intermediate indicators of spending efficiency into a single, aggregate measure. Results are presented and some of their implications are discussed. Overall, the characteristics of the institutional framework in the non-tertiary public education sector seem to be very favourable, compared to OECD average, in the United Kingdom, Australia, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands, whereas results are less favourable for the Czech Republic, Greece, Luxembourg, Japan, Turkey, Hungary, Belgium (French speaking community), Switzerland and Austria.
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