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2007 (5)

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Analyse génétique de la diversité fonctionnelle intraclonale de lymphocytes T humains
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2007 Publisher: Bruxelles: UCL,

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Abstract

To understand why anti-tumoral vaccination leads to tumor regressions in only a minority of patients, we wish to be able to study cytokine gene expression in single T cells from cancer patients.
Therefore, we set up a reliable technique to analyze single cells at the transcriptionnal level. It includes micro-aspiration of individual cells, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative PCR carried out with the genetic material from a single cell, without any preliminary amplification. Setting up this methodology with clonal populations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells stimulated with PMA-ionomycin, we observed strong intercellular heterogeneity in cytokine gene transcription. Analyzing this heterogeneity, we found out that the main explanation, which cannot be demonstrated rigorously, is differences in the kinetics of activation of individual cells.
We then applied our method to the ex vivo analysis of single blood T cells from patients. We observed an important difference in the proportions of IFNg-producing CD8+ T cells : all anti-EBV CD8+ cells from one donor transcribed the IFNg gene, whereas only 12,5% of anti-MAGE-3.A1 CD8+ cells from a melanoma patient did so. The latter cells are quite rare in blood, and our method is so far the only possibility to analyze them. We will pursue our work by trying to understand the reason for this apparent « anergy » of anti-tumoral T cells Afin de comprendre pourquoi la vaccination anti-tumorale mène à la régression de la tumeur chez une minorité de patients, nous avons voulu étudier les profils d'expression de gènes codant des cytokines dans des lymphocytes T individuels provenant de patients atteints de cancer.
Pour ce faire, nous avons dû mettre au point une technique fiable d'analyse transcriptionnelle de cellules individuelles. Celle-ci comprend l'aspiration des cellules une à une, la synthèse d’ADNc, et les PCR quantitatives réalisées à partir du matériel génétique d'une seule cellule, sans amplification préalable. Lors de ces différentes mises au point, qui ont été réalisées sur des populations clonales de lymphocytes T CD4+ et CD8+ stimulés avec un mélange PMA-ionomycine, nous avons observé une forte diversité intercellulaire au niveau de la transcription des gènes codant des cytokines. Nous l'avons alors étudiée. L'explication majeure de cette diversité, qui ne peut en fait être formellement démontrée, est qu'il existe des cinétiques d'activation différentes d’une cellule à une autre.
Nous avons ensuite, grâce à la même méthode, analysé ex vivo des lymphocytes T individuels provenant de patients et nous avons observé une importante différence dans les profils d'expression d'IFNg parmi les cellules en produisant. Tous les lymphocytes T CD8+ anti-viraux provenant d'un donneur transcrivent le gène codant l’IFNg alors que seulement 12,5% des lymphocytes T CD8+ anti-tumoraux provenant d'un patient atteint de mélanome le font. Ces derniers sont très rares dans le sang de ces patients et notre méthode est pratiquement la seule possibilité pour les analyser. Nous souhaitons poursuivre nos recherches afin de comprendre la raison de cette apparente « anergie » des lymphocytes T anti-tumoraux

From genes to genomes : concepts and applications of DNA technology
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780470017333 9780470017340 Year: 2007 Publisher: Chichester : Wiley,

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Yeast gene analysis
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780123694799 0123694795 9780123694782 0123694787 9786611020439 1281020435 0080521789 Year: 2007 Volume: 36 Publisher: Amsterdam, Boston : Elsevier Academic Press,

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Gene cloning and manipulation
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ISBN: 9780511807343 9780521817936 9780521521055 9780511296536 0511296533 0511295766 9780511295768 0511807341 9780511294198 0511294190 0521817935 052152105X 1107174376 9781107174375 1280959681 9781280959684 9786610959686 6610959684 0511561873 9780511561870 0511294999 9780511294990 Year: 2007 Publisher: Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press,

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Now fully updated to reflect recent advances, this introduction provides a broad, but concise, coverage of recombinant DNA techniques. Written for advanced undergraduates, graduates and scientists who want to use this technology, emphasis is placed on the concepts underlying particular types of cloning vectors to aid understanding and to enable readers to devise suitable strategies for novel experimental situations. An introduction to the basic biochemical principles is presented first. Then PCR and cloning using E. coli hosts and plasmid, phage and hybrid vectors are described, followed by the generation and screening of libraries and how to modify, inactivate or express cloned sequences. Finally genetic manipulation in a range of other organisms is discussed, including other bacteria, fungi, algae and plants, insects and mammals. A series of 'real-life' biological problems are also presented to enable readers to assess their understanding of the material and to prepare for exams.


Periodical
Genetic engineering & biotechnology news.
ISSN: 19378661 1935472X Year: 2007 Publisher: New Rochelle, N.Y. : GEN Pub.

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Keywords

Genetic engineering --- Genetic Engineering --- Genetic engineering. --- trends. --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- trends --- Intervention, Genetic --- Genetic Intervention --- Genetic Interventions --- Interventions, Genetic --- Cloning, Molecular --- DNA, Recombinant --- Industrial Microbiology --- Artificial Gene Fusion --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Plants, Genetically Modified --- Electronic journals. --- Periodical. --- Cyber journals --- Cyber magazines --- Cyber periodicals --- Cyber serials --- E-journals --- Ejournals --- Electronic magazines --- Electronic periodicals --- Electronic serials --- Internet journals (Electronic publications) --- Internet magazines (Electronic publications) --- Internet periodicals (Electronic publications) --- Internet serials (Electronic publications) --- Online journals --- Online magazines --- Online periodicals --- Online serials --- Periodicals in machine-readable form --- Web journals (Electronic publications) --- Web magazines (Electronic publications) --- Web periodicals (Electronic publications) --- Web serials (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web journals (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web magazines (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web periodicals (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web serials (Electronic publications) --- Electronic publications --- Periodicals --- Chemistry --- Chemical Engineering

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