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China has maintained very rapid economic growth and development over several decades, but it now faces the challenge of ensuring that further progress – economic, social and environmental – will be both sustainable and comprehensive. This will require fostering innovation, which can play a major role in achieving that goal. Economic reforms, including the launch of the “open door” policy, prepared the ground for the Chinese economy’s nearly three decades of extraordinary performance. China’s re-emergence as a major power in the world economy is one of the most significant developments in modern history...

Science and Technology --- China, People’s Republic

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This paper analyses developments in IT and ICT-enabled services offshoring to China and the potential for further growth.

Science and Technology --- China, People’s Republic

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Collective pension funds (CPFs) - occupational pension funds that cover the employees of more than one employer (enterprise) - have been operating in OECD countries for decades. Generally speaking, there are two models, i.e. closed pension funds, with membership restricted to a particular industry or group of industries, and open pension funds open to all types of company. The governance structure of such funds also operates in two ways – via an internal model (with trustees appointed by employers and employees) and external model (with professional, commercial trustees). In this report, we first describe and analyse how CPFs are operated in selected OECD countries and non-OECD economies. Then, we review occupational pensions (or Enterprise Annuities -EA- in Chinese terminology) in general and CPFs in particular. Given the problems holding back the development of EA plans among small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in China, and bearing in mind both China‘s specific situations and international best practices, we propose a number of policy recommendations to promote the development of CPFs covering the SME sector. Our practical policy recommendations include 1) industry funds with more open membership; 2) establishment of new purpose-built industry funds; 3) establishment of new regional EA administration centres acting as independent pension councils (trustees) for open pension funds; 4) in parallel to these policy initiatives in China, commercial trustees should be encouraged to establish CPFs targeting the SME sector.

Finance and Investment --- China, People’s Republic

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China is currently in the process of developing the largest pension system in the world, and it is doing this at a time of unparalleled economic and demographic transition. The central government has followed a step-by-step approach to develop a system that can accommodate a rapidly aging society within a rapidly growing, but still largely underdeveloped economy. This paper analyses how far the process of creating a national old age insurance system had proceeded by the end of 2006. It provides a detailed description of this system and an assessment of to what degree it has so far achieved ?its primary goal of social security for more people? (Chinese Government, September 2006)...

Social Issues/Migration/Health --- China, People’s Republic

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This first OECD review of China's environmental situation and policies systematically examines the physical and institutional context for environmental policy as well as specific issues including air, water, waste, and biodiversity; explores the environment-economic and environmental-social policy interfaces; reviews China's international engagement on environmental issues; and makes a series of recommendations. This book has been selected as  Notable Government Document for 2007 by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.

Ecology -- China -- Periodicals. --- Environmental management. --- Environmental policy -- International cooperation. --- Environmental policy. --- Environmental protection. --- Environmnetal monitoring -- China -- Periodicals. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Environmental policy --- Environmental protection --- Environmental management --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- China, People’s Republic