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Diffusion – defined as mass, amount, or particle transport process – is the most essential transport property besides viscosity and thermal conductivity. Diffusion is widely used in nature, technical and scientific applications, ranging from diffusion in all kinds of gases, liquids, solids, electrolytes and their mixtures. Due to the large amount of data, the volume LB IV/15 “Diffusion in Gases, Liquids, and Electrolytes” is divided into three subvolumes. Part A: Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures. Part B: Liquids in Liquids and Liquid Mixtures. Part C: Ions and Electrolytes in Liquids, Electrolytes and Molten Salts. The presented subvolume A includes the main chapters Measurement Methods, Diffusion in Pure Gases, Diffusion in Gaseous Mixtures, Diffusion of Gas/Vapor in Gases or Liquids and Diffusion of Gases in Solution. Due to the very different and widespread measurement methods, a precise description of these methods is given.
Physics. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Physics, general. --- Classical and Continuum Physics. --- Physical Chemistry.
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Volume 9 of group IV consideres and describes the electrochemical processes at the boundaries of electrodes and electrolytes. All related phenomena require a precise knowledge of the involved systems. The volume thus presents firstly a thorough overview on the field of electrochemistry and secondly collects all relevant data of electrochemical systems as reported up to now. Phenomena and data are considered and reported from the constitutive viewpoints of electrochemistry, which also form the five chapters of the subvolume A: electrode potentials - cell voltages - electrode potentials of zero charge - free enthalpy of adsorption - exchange current densities. Each chapter introduces to the particular subject matter and lists the data in concise tables, arranged, as far as possible, according to the examined values.
Chemistry. --- Physics. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Electrochemistry. --- Physics, general. --- Classical and Continuum Physics. --- Physical Chemistry.
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Covers a range of topics in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, including a survey of experimental techniques and devices of solid state electrochemistry, and a review of synthesis and characterization of nanoporous carbons and their applications. This book discusses the use of graphs in the study of chemical reaction network.
Electrochemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Physical sciences --- Physical chemistry.
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Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IFOM-IEO Meeting on Cancer. This is a new meeting, it has about 200 attendees from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the USA. The 2nd IFOM-IEO international meeting on cancer will provide a forum in which the world’s leading cancer researchers and young scientists will discuss the latest advances in molecular oncology. The impact of recent breakthroughs in basic research and of emerging technologies on molecular medicine in cancer will be highlighted.
Cancer --- Molecular aspects --- Oncology. --- Cytology. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Cancer research. --- Cell biology. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Cancer research
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Emulsions are generally made out of two immiscible fluids like oil and water, one being dispersed in the second in the presence of surface-active compounds.They are used as intermediate or end products in a huge range of areas including the food, chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, paint, and coating industries. Besides the broad domain of technological interest, emulsions are raising a variety of fundamental questions at the frontier between physics and chemistry. This book aims to give an overview of the most recent advances in emulsion science. The basic principles, covering aspects of emulsions from their preparation to their destruction, are presented in close relation to both the fundamental physics and the applications of these materials. The book is intended to help scientists and engineers in formulating new materials by giving them the basics of emulsion science.
Emulsions. --- Mixtures --- Separation (Technology) --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Nanotechnology. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Physical chemistry. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Thin films. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films
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Quantum phenomena are ubiquitous in complex molecular systems - as revealed by many experimental observations based upon ultrafast spectroscopic techniques - and yet remain a challenge for theoretical analysis. The present volume, based on a May 2005 workshop, examines and reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of new theoretical and computational methods to interpret the observed phenomena. Emphasis is on complex molecular processes involving surfaces, clusters, solute-solvent systems, materials, and biological systems. The research summarized in this book shows that much can be done to explain phenomena in systems excited by light or through atomic interactions. It demonstrates how to tackle the multidimensional dynamics arising from the atomic structure of a complex system, and addresses phenomena in condensed phases as well as phenomena at surfaces. The chapters on new methodological developments cover both phenomena in isolated systems, and phenomena which involve the statistical effects of an environment, such as fluctuations and dissipation. The methodology part explores new rigorous ways to formulate mixed quantum-classical dynamics in many dimensions, along with new ways to solve a many-atom Schroedinger equation, or the Liouville-von Neumann equation for the density operator, using trajectories and ideas related to hydrodynamics. Part I treats applications to complex molecular systems, and Part II covers new theoretical and computational methods.
Quantum theory. --- Molecular theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Constitution --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Materials. --- Chemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Materials Science, general. --- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. --- Physical sciences --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Materials --- Physical chemistry. --- Atoms. --- Physics. --- Materials science. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Material science --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Dynamics --- Stereochemistry
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Physical processes, involving atomic phenomena, allow more and more precise time and frequency measurements. This progress is not possible without convenient processing of the respective raw data. The book describes the data processing at various levels: design of the time and frequency references, characterization of the time and frequency references, applications involving precise time and/or frequency references. The metrological properties stability, accuracy and reproducibility are defined and the processes leading to their characterization are shown. The various aspects of the variance of the frequency fluctuations are discussed and compared and their significance is given. Some major applications of the best frequency and time standards are finally discussed. The way the extreme precision of these sources is used to obtain precise time and position information is shown: - Time scales, used to describe every human and physical activities, such as astronomy, physical laws, etc. - Positioning systems, such as GPS - Very long base interferometry (VLBI).
Time measurements --- Data processing. --- Time --- Physical measurements --- Vibration --- Clocks and watches --- Measurement --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Engineering. --- Physical geography. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Engineering, general. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geography --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement . --- Physical chemistry. --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Metrology --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics
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This is the first comprehensive book on microhotplate-based chemical sensor systems in CMOS-technology. It covers all aspects of successful sensor prototyping: theory of transducer modelling, microelectronics design considerations, system design issues, and issues related to system and device microfabrication, packaging, and testing. A variety of different hotplates for different operation conditions is detailed and a family of metal-oxide-covered microhotplate-based microsensor systems with increasing complexity is presented. These systems belong to a new generation of chemical microsensors and represent examples of the successful integration of nanomaterials, microtechnology and microelectronics. The book provides students, scientists and engineers with an accessible introduction to the field of microhotplate-based chemical sensing, with all the necessary fundamental knowledge included. Beyond that, it also provides detailed information on all important issues concerning complex high-performance CMOS chemical microsensor systems; hence it will also be valuable to experts already familiar with the field.
Microelectromechanical systems --- Microfabrication. --- Design and construction. --- Manufacturing processes --- MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) --- Micro-electro-mechanical systems --- Micro-machinery --- Microelectromechanical devices --- Micromachinery --- Micromachines --- Micromechanical devices --- Micromechanical systems --- Electromechanical devices --- Microtechnology --- Mechatronics --- Engineering. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Optical materials. --- Engineering, general. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Optics --- Materials --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Physical chemistry. --- Electronic materials. --- Electronic materials --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry
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This volume presents an overview of the growth of shaped crystals (oxides, fluorides, etc.) by the micro-pulling-down technique. Both melt and solution (flux) growth are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed in detail and compared with related crystal-growth processes. The authors attempt to give a practical introduction to this technique, thereby also explaining how its application can help to solve problems commonly encountered in other melt-growth methods. Currently the micro-pulling-down technique is applicable to the growth of crystals up to 1 m long with cross-section ranging from 0.05 to 10 mm. This book represents a valuable resource for researchers, industrial engineers, teachers, and students involved in materials science, crystal growth, physics, chemistry, optics and electronics.
Crystal growth. --- Crystals --- Crystallization --- Grain boundaries --- Twinning (Crystallography) --- Growth --- Optical materials. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Engineering. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Engineering, general. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Optics --- Materials --- Electronic materials. --- Condensed matter. --- Physical chemistry. --- Electronic materials --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids
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MODERN ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY No. 40 Edited by Ralph E. White University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Topics in Number 40 include: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell bipolar plates, discussion of the difficulties associated with confronting bipolar plate development The use of graphs in electrochemical reaction networks with focus on analysis of variance (ANOVA) observation methods Nano-materials in lithium ion battery electrode design, presentation of a plasma-assisted method to create a carbon replica of an alumina template membrane Direct methanol fuel cells, extensive discussion and review of various types of fuel cells and advances made in the performance of DMFC’s since their inception Direct simulation of polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalyst layers, presentation of a systematic development of the direct numerical simulation From reviews of previous volumes: "This long-standing series continues its tradition of offering high quality reviews of established and emerging subject areas, together with the less common aspects of electrochemical science … Deserves a place in electrochemistry libraries and should prove useful to electrochemists and related workers." -Chemistry and Industry "Continues the valuable service that has been rendered by the Modern Aspects series." - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry "Will definitely be of much use to researchers in the field of electrochemistry… The editors of this well-produced volume deserve all appreciation for maintaining the excellent standard of the series." - Bulletin of Electrochemistry "Extremely well-referenced and very readable … Maintains the overall high standards of the series." - Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Chemistry. --- Electrochemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Materials Science, general. --- Energy Technology. --- Catalysis. --- Physical organic chemistry --- Electric engineering. --- Materials. --- Chimie --- Chimie organique physique --- Catalyse --- Matériaux --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Physical chemistry. --- Electric power production. --- Materials science. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Energy Systems. --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Physical sciences --- Materials --- Energy systems. --- Material science --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry
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