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2007 (2)

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Advanced gate stacks for high-mobility semiconductors
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ISBN: 1281179302 9786611179304 354071491X 3540714901 3642090710 9783540714903 Year: 2007 Publisher: Berlin Springer

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Abstract

Will nanoelectronic devices continue to scale according to Moore’s law? At this moment, there is no easy answer since gate scaling is rapidly emerging as a serious roadblock for the evolution of CMOS technology. Channel engineering based on high-mobility semiconductor materials (e.g. strained Si, alternative orientation substrates, Ge or III-V compounds) could help overcome the obstacles since they offer performance enhancement. There are several concerns though. Do we know how to make complex engineered substrates (e.g. Germanium-on-Insulator)? Which are the best interface passivation methodologies and (high-k) gate dielectrics on Ge and III-V compounds? Can we process these materials in short channel transistors using flows, toolsets and know how similar to that in Si technology? How do these materials and devices behave at the nanoscale? The reader will get a clear view of what has been done so far, what is the state-of-the-art and which are the main challenges ahead before we come any close to a viable Ge and III-V MOS technology.

High-dynamic-range (HDR) vision : microelectronics, image processing, computer graphics
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ISBN: 1280804009 9786610804009 3540444335 3540444327 3642079407 Year: 2007 Publisher: Berlin : Springer,

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Creating high-fidelity images of our world has been a continuous challenge, even as our understanding and skills have evolved. The acquisition and mapping of the rich and complex content of visual information rank high among the most demanding technical tasks. Now electronic image sensors can record a dynamic range from bright to dark of more than seven orders of magnitude, thus exceeding the ability of a human eye by more than a hundred times and displaying five orders of magnitude in brightness, resulting in CRT and LCD displays with more than 100-fold improvement. This first comprehensive account of high-dynamic-range (HDR) vision focusses on HDR real-time, high-speed digital video recording and also systematically presents HDR video transmission and display. The power of the eye-like, logarithmic optoelectronic conversion concept is demonstrated in machine-vision, medical, automotive, surveillance and cinematic applications, and it is extended to HDR sub-retinal implants for the vision impaired. While the book conveys the overall picture of HDR vision, specific knowledge of microelectronics and image processing is not required. It provides a quantitative summary of the major issues to allow the assessment of the state of the art and a glimpse at future developments. Selected experts share their know-how and expectations in this rapidly evolving art related to the single most powerful of our senses.

Keywords

Computer vision. --- Image processing. --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Imaging systems. --- Radar --- Remote sensing --- Television --- Scanning systems --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Equipment and supplies --- Computer vision --- High dynamic range imaging --- Optical pattern recognition --- 621.3.049.77 --- HDR imaging --- HDRI (Photography) --- Photography --- 621.3.049.77 Microelectronics. Integrated circuits --- Microelectronics. Integrated circuits --- Digital techniques --- Exposure --- Engineering. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics. --- Engineering, general. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Signal processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optical data processing. --- Control engineering. --- Robotics. --- Mechatronics. --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Optical equipment

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