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Natural gas --- Natural gas --- Russia (Federation) --- Belarus
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Political leadership --- Lukashenko, Aleksandr, - 1954 --- -Belarus
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This monograph contains two individual reports: Belarus and Russia: Comradeship-in-Arms in Preempting Democracy by Dr. Vitali Silitski and Ukraine: Domestic Changes and Foreign Policy Reconfiguration by Dr. Arkady Moshes. Belarus remains the last true dictatorship in Europe, and as such, its internal and external security agenda is an abiding matter of concern to the European and Western communities. But its trajectory is of equal concern to Moscow, which has been the prime external supporter and subsidizer of the Belarussian government under President Alyaksandr' Lukashenka. But despite this support, tensions between Moscow and Minsk are growing. The brief energy cutoffs imposed by Moscow at the start of the year and Belarus' retaliation shows that not all is well in that relationship. Not surprisingly, Lukashenka has now turned back to the West for foreign support, but it will not be forthcoming without significant domestic reform which is quite unlikely. Ukraine presents a different series of puzzles and challenges to Western leaders and audiences. It too has suffered from Russian energy coercion, but its political system is utterly different from Belarus and in a state of profound turmoil. Therefore, precise analysis of what has occurred and what is currently happening in Ukraine is essential to a correct understanding of trends there that can then inform sound policymaking.
Belarus --- Russia (Federation) --- Ukraine --- Relations --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations
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Housing --- Logement --- Belarus --- Belarus --- Biélorussie --- Biélorussie --- Social conditions --- Politics and government --- Conditions sociales --- Politique et gouvernement
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Economic assistance --- Economic assistance. --- USAID/Belarus --- Belarus --- Belarus. --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations) --- United States. --- Belorus --- Belorussia --- Berarūshi --- Białoru --- Bielorussia --- Biélorussie --- Byelarus --- Byelorussian S.S.R. --- Republic of Belarus --- Republic of Byelarusʹ --- República de Belarús --- Republik Belarus --- République de Bélarus --- Rėspublika Belarusʹ --- Respublika Byelarusʹ --- Weissrussland --- White Russia --- Białoruś --- Беларусь --- Рэспубліка Беларусь --- Республика Беларусь --- ベラルーシ
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This 2007 Article IV Consultation highlights that Belarus’s centralized economy grew rapidly over the past few years, enhancing social development. The state redistributed large and growing terms-of-trade gains stemming from favorable Russian energy pricing across the economy, boosting domestic demand. A new energy agreement, however, has abruptly reversed terms-of-trade gains. Belarus now pays Russia twice as much for gas supplies as in 2006 and a fifth more as a share of world market prices for crude oil. This resulted in an estimated loss of 5½ percent of GDP in 2007.
Fiscal policy --- Monetary policy --- Finance --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Belarus --- Economic conditions --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Inflation --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Fiscal Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Price Level --- Deflation --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Banking --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Public finance & taxation --- Energy prices --- Credit --- External debt --- Money --- Debts, External --- Expenditures, Public --- Belarus, Republic of
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cults --- conversion --- science --- new religious groups --- social addiction --- traumatic experiences --- cultic groups --- recruitment --- Scientology --- mind control --- abuse --- Japan --- spiritual harm --- new religions --- NRMs --- psychological abuse --- children in cults --- psychobiology --- authoritarian culture --- child abuse --- ISKCON --- child protection --- cults and health --- new religious movements --- complementary medicine --- alternative medicine --- health-related cults --- the former USSR --- exit counseling --- deprogramming --- education --- prevention --- preventive education --- totalist groups --- Romania --- Belarus --- Society for Scientific Spirituaity --- Sanatan --- the Polish state --- English literature on cults --- Romania --- Belarus --- Society for Scientific Spirituality --- Sanatan --- the Polish state --- English literature on cults
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In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Banks and Banking --- Investments: Energy --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Agribusiness --- Infrastructure --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Agriculture: General --- Electric Utilities --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Agricultural economics --- Investment & securities --- Credit --- Agricultural sector --- Electricity --- Consumption --- Money --- Economic sectors --- National accounts --- Transportation --- Commodities --- Banks and banking --- Agricultural industries --- Electric utilities --- Economics --- Saving and investment --- Belarus, Republic of
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This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) for the Republic of Latvia. The assessment reveals that aspects of Latvia’s financial services market expose it to a high risk of money laundering. There are welcome indications that money laundering risks have been reduced substantially owing to strong preventive measures being implemented by the authorities and financial institutions. The authorities and financial institutions are working to restore the international reputation of the Latvian financial sector.
Monetary policy --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Latvia --- Economic policy. --- Finance: General --- Labor --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Criminology --- Insurance --- Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Public finance & taxation --- Crime & criminology --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) --- Legal support in revenue administration --- Crime --- Terrorism financing --- Money laundering --- Internal controls --- Revenue administration --- Revenue --- Crime--Economic aspects --- Capital market --- Credit --- Belarus, Republic of --- White-collar crime
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This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment Report on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) for the Republic of Belarus. The assessment reveals that compliance supervision in Belarus is detailed with a strong culture of onsite examination. Two agencies exercise financial intelligence responsibilities. Money laundering offenses are investigated and successfully prosecuted. Some capacity exists to cooperate internationally. However, the legal framework is incomplete and, in some places, misdirected. Legislation criminalizing terrorist financing as a separate offense has not been adopted.
Money laundering. --- Money laundering --- Terrorism --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Laundering of money --- Money washing --- Washing of money --- Commercial crimes --- Prevention. --- Finance --- Banks and Banking --- Public Finance --- Criminology --- Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Crime & criminology --- Terrorism, armed struggle --- Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) --- Legal support in revenue administration --- Crime --- Terrorism financing --- Revenue administration --- Revenue --- Banks and banking --- Crime--Economic aspects --- Belarus, Republic of --- White-collar crime
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