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Following the transition from central planning toward market-based economies, the formerly communist states of Central and Eastern Europe introduced a number of reforms in the finance, management, and organization of the health sector. While health sector reforms in these countries have involved deep structural changes, they have generally been less successful in improving efficiency, enhancing equity in healthcare financing and delivery, and managing clinical quality of health services. Total health expenditures have increased in almost all countries, especially in recent years, and with reve
Medical economics --- Medical care, Cost of --- Cost of medical care --- Health care costs --- Health care expenditures --- Medical care --- Medical costs --- Medical expenses --- Medical service, Cost of --- Medicine --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Costs --- Economic aspects --- Medical savings accounts
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Conventional wisdom holds that aging populations are unfavorable for economic growth because of their potential impacts on labor supply, productivity, and savings. When this is coupled with the increased spending pressures because of pension requirements and health care, aging societies are likely to face serious fiscal problems. This report addresses these concerns in the unique context of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union where many countries are aging rapidly without the economic resources and institutional capacity of other aging societies in Western Europe and Japan.
Older people. --- Older people --- Population forecasting --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Gerontology --- Social Sciences --- Economic conditions --- Economic conditions. --- Forecasting, Population --- Population --- Population projection --- Population projections --- Projection, Population --- Projections, Population --- Aged --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- Forecasting --- Social prediction --- Age groups --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Old age
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