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Iconography --- Christian special devotions --- Belgium --- Netherlands --- Christian patron saints --- Saints patrons chrétiens --- 235.3 <03> --- 235 <493> --- #GGSB: Geestelijke lezing(rood) --- #GGSB: Heiligen --- #GGSB: Volksreligie (volksreligiositeit / devotie) --- C3 --- apocriefen (x) --- apostelen (x) --- iconografisch materiaal --- 245.5 --- geschiedenis --- volksgeloof --- Lage Landen --- heiligen --- katholicisme --- Heiligen --- Hagiografie--Naslagwerken. Referentiewerken --- Engelen. Demonen. Heiligen--België --- Kunst en cultuur --- katholicisme - heiligen --- Saints patrons chrétiens --- 235.315 --- Christian saints in art --- Christian saints --- Dutch --- Attributes --- Christian saints, Patron --- Patron Christian saints --- Patron saints --- Patron saints, Christian --- 2353 <03> --- 235315. --- 2455 --- GGSB: Geestelijke lezing(rood). --- GGSB: Heiligen. --- GGSB: Volksreligie (volksreligiositeit / devotie). --- Lage Landen. --- apocriefen (x). --- apostelen (x). --- geschiedenis. --- heiligen. --- iconografisch materiaal. --- katholicisme. --- volksgeloof. --- Engelen Demonen Heiligen--België. --- Hagiografie--Naslagwerken Referentiewerken. --- Katholicisme - heiligen. --- Kunst en cultuur. --- Geestelijke lezing(rood) --- Volksreligie (volksreligiositeit / devotie) --- Christian patron saints - Netherlands --- Christian patron saints - Belgium --- Patrons --- Pays-Bas --- Belgique --- beschermheilgen --- schutspatronen voor beroesverenigingen --- volksdevotie --- gebruiken --- legendes --- rituelen --- de lage landen --- Vlaanderen --- Nederland

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Despite its democratic structure, Japan's government has been dominated by a single party, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) since 1955. This book offers an explanation for why, even in the face of great dissatisfaction with the LDP, no opposition party has been able to offer itself as a credible challenger in Japan. Understanding such failure is important for many reasons, from its effect on Japanese economic policy to its implications for what facilitates democratic responsiveness more broadly. The principal explanations for opposition failure in Japan focus on the country's culture and electoral system. This book offers a new interpretation, arguing that a far more plausible explanation rests on the predominance in Japan of clientelism, combined with a centralized government structure and electoral protection for groups that benefit from clientelism. While the central case in the book is Japan, the analysis is also comparative and applies the framework cross-nationally.

Democracy --- Political parties --- Patronage, Political --- Patron and client --- Démocratie --- Partis politiques --- Favoritisme --- Patron et client --- Jiyu Minshuto. --- Japan --- Japon --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- J4655 --- J4610 --- -Jiyū Minshutō --- -Patronage, Political --- -Patron and client --- -Japan --- -Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Civil service reform --- Parties, Political --- Party systems, Political --- Political party systems --- Political science --- Divided government --- Intra-party disagreements (Political parties) --- Political conventions --- Self-government --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Japan: Politics and law -- central government -- political parties --- Japan: Politics and law -- theory, methodology and philosophy --- -J4655 --- -Japan: Politics and law -- central government -- political parties --- -Democracy --- Démocratie --- Jiyū Minshutō. --- Clientela --- Jimintō (Japan) --- Jiyūminshutō (Japan) --- Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) --- Liberalʹno-demokraticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ I︠A︡ponii --- Liberalʹno-demokraticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (Japan) --- LDP --- Tzu yu min chu tang (Japan) --- 自由民主党 --- 自由民主黨 --- Partido Liberal Demócrata (Japan) --- PLD --- Jiyūtō (1950-1955) --- Nihon Minshutō --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Dominant-party systems. --- One-party dominant systems --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology

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Entre le début de notre ère et les années 260, l’appartenance à une association professionnelle, cultuelle ou funéraire a présidé à la définition du rang social de nombreux habitants de l’Italie et des Gaules romaines. Aussi ce livre porte-t-il au jour la place que les membres des associations romaines, les collegiati, occupaient dans leurs sociétés. L'appartenance à un collège faisait naître un sentiment de respectabilité, et permettait parfois d'acquérir un réel prestige. Cette respectabilité et ce prestige résultaient de l’insertion des associations dans les cités : le rang de collegiatus était de nature civique. L’association correspondait à l'un des groupes dans lesquels les collegiati nouaient des relations interpersonnelles, et l'interaction de ces multiples appartenances déterminait leur position sociale. Toutefois, le rang des collegiati, tel qu’il apparaît dans les sources disponibles, n'est pas une donnée objective. Il est au centre d'un discours épigraphique construit par les collegiati eux-mêmes. Les membres des associations se plaisaient à décrire leurs destinées comme des réussites. Cependant, leurs discours comportent des omissions, et des pans bien choisis du réel côtoient fréquemment l'exagération, la métaphore ou le fantasme.

Guilds --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Working class --- Corporations --- Associations --- Travailleurs --- Rome --- Gaul --- Gaule --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales --- Professional associations --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Social conditions. --- 331.0937 --- Social sciences Labor Ancient world Italy --- Craft guilds --- Gilds --- Labor organizations --- Merchant companies --- Workers' associations --- Professional societies --- Trade and professional associations --- Trade associations --- Artisans --- Employers' associations --- Labor unions --- Societies, etc. --- Guilds - Rome --- Professional associations - Rome --- patron --- associations romaines --- Ostie --- Lyon --- notable --- commerce --- mobilité géographique --- affranchi --- Augustalis --- Lenuncularius --- décurion --- Faber --- famille

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Despite dramatic increases in poverty, unemployment, and social inequalities, the Central and Eastern European transitions from communism to market democracy in the 1990s have been remarkably peaceful. This book proposes a new explanation for this unexpected political quiescence. It shows how reforming governments in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic have been able to prevent massive waves of strikes and protests by the strategic use of welfare state programs such as pensions and unemployment benefits. Divide and Pacify explains how social policies were used to prevent massive job losses with softening labor market policies, or to split up highly aggrieved groups of workers in precarious jobs by sending some of them onto unemployment benefits and many others onto early retirement and disability pensions. From a narrow economic viewpoint, these policies often appeared to be immensely costly or irresponsibly populist. Yet a more inclusive social-scientific perspective can shed new light on these seemingly irrational policies by pointing to deeper political motives and wider sociological consequences.

Patronage, Political --- New democracies --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Civil service reform --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Newly independent states --- Hungary --- Czech Republic --- Poland --- Europe, Central --- Central Europe --- Politics and government --- Social policy. --- Economic policy, Labor history, Patronage, Political economy, Protests, Sociology, Transition. --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology

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Book history --- Economic relations. Trade --- Art --- History of Europe --- social history --- art market --- collecting --- Thomas Howard [Earl of Arundel] --- anno 1500-1799 --- Art, European --- Artists' representatives --- Patron and client --- Collectors and collecting --- History --- 305.90094 --- 316.7 --- 655.56 --- 7.074 "15/16" --- 7.075 --- 7.078.2 --- 930.85 "15/17" --- 7.078.2 Kunstbescherming door particulieren: sponsoring; mecenaat --- Kunstbescherming door particulieren: sponsoring; mecenaat --- 7.075 Kunsthandel. Kunstbemiddeling. Activiteiten van promotors; managers; producers --- Kunsthandel. Kunstbemiddeling. Activiteiten van promotors; managers; producers --- 7.074 "15/16" Kunstverzameling. Activiteiten van verzamelaars--?"15/16" --- Kunstverzameling. Activiteiten van verzamelaars--?"15/16" --- 930.85 "15/17" Cultuurgeschiedenis. Kultuurgeschiedenis--Moderne Tijd --- Cultuurgeschiedenis. Kultuurgeschiedenis--Moderne Tijd --- 316.7 Cultuursociologie --(algemeen) --- Cultuursociologie --(algemeen) --- Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Art, Occidental --- Art, Visual --- Art, Western (Western countries) --- Arts, Fine --- Arts, Visual --- Fine arts --- Iconography --- Occidental art --- Visual arts --- Western art (Western countries) --- Arts --- Aesthetics --- Art agents --- Art representatives --- Art reps --- Arts agents --- Arts representatives --- Arts reps --- Commercial agents --- Art, Modern --- European art --- Nouveaux réalistes (Group of artists) --- Zaj (Group of artists) --- Social sciences Persons by occupation Europe --- Boekdistributie --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Civilization --- Marketing --- Art [European ] --- 16th century --- 17th century --- Artists' representatives. --- Représentants d'artistes --- Art européen --- Collectionneurs et collections --- Histoire --- Civilisation --- Art, Primitive --- Agents commerciaux --- Diplomatie --- 1500-1800 --- Commerce