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gemeenten --- municipalities --- History of Belgium and Luxembourg --- regionale geschiedenis --- Proven --- Flanders

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With the urbanization of the world's population proceeding apace and the equally rapid urbanization of poverty, urban theory has an urgent challenge to meet if it is to remain relevant to the majority of cities and their populations most of which are outside the West. Ordinary Cities establishes a new framework for thinking about urban development across a longstanding divide in urban scholarship and also in the realm of urban policy, between Western and other kinds of cities, especially those labeled third world. The book will consider the two framing axes of urban modernity and urban development which have been important in dividing the field of urban studies between Western and other cities. Tracking paths across previously separate academic literatures and policy debates, the book attempts to trace the outlines of a cosmopolitan approach to cities. It draws on evidence from Rio, Johannesburg, Lusaka and Kuala Lumpur to ground the theoretical arguments and provide examples of policy approaches and urban development interventions. Ordinary Cities argues that if cities are to be imagined in equitable and creative ways, urban theory must overcome these axes of theorization with their Western bias. The resources for theorizing cities need to become at least as cosmopolitan as cities themselves, drawing inspiration from the diverse range of contexts and histories that shape cities everywhere.

Cities and towns. --- Social history. --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Social history --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Geografie --- Sociale geografie --- Bewoning en leefgemeenschap. --- Cities and towns --- History --- Sociology --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Villes --- Histoire sociale

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''Olinda was the first major Portuguese urban nucleus in the new lands of America. The cultural roots of the city blossomed through the religious processions, the liturgical manifestations, the Carnival parades, the folkloric expressions and the creations of its artists and popular handicraft makers, both native to the city and coming from outside - all of which contributed to further strengthening its tourist potential. Olinda s historical centre has the largest concentration of the city s urban cultural heritage. It consisted of buildings and green areas of an outstanding architectural, hist

Historic buildings --- Cities and towns --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Historic houses, etc. --- Historical buildings --- Architecture --- Buildings --- Monuments --- Historic sites --- Conservation and restoration --- Olinda (Brazil) --- Cultural policy --- Prefeitura de Olinda (Brazil) --- Olinda, Brazil

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Als de bestuurders en politici van tegenwoordig willen onderstrepen dat ze in een dwangpositie verkeren zeggen ze nog steeds: 'Ik voel me als een burgemeester in oorlogstijd.' Peter Romijn onderzoekt de historische oorsprong van deze uitdrukking. De positie waarin de bijna duizend Nederlandse burgemeesters in de Tweede Wereldoorlog terechtkwamen, was buitengewoon moeilijk. Er ontstond een ingewikkeld getouwtrek tussen de Duitse bezetter, zittende bestuurders en ambtenaren, en Nederlandse nazi's. Inzet was de poging om Nederland een nationaal-socialistische staatsvorm op te leggen. De burgemeesters vormden de schakel tussen het Duitse bezettingsbestuur en de Nederlandse samenleving. Zij moesten zich voortdurend de vraag stellen of ze naar eer en geweten hun werk konden blijven doen. In Burgemeesters in oorlogstijd onderzoekt Peter Romijn, met behulp van vele niet eerder onderzochte bronnen, voor het eerst de manier waarop burgemeesters probeerden uitkomst te vinden uit de bestuurlijke dilemma's van de bezetting - soms met succes, maar soms ook met verschrikkelijke gevolgen

Public administration --- anno 1940-1949 --- Netherlands --- Local government --- History --- German occupation, 1940-1945 --- Municipal government --- Cities and towns --- City government --- Municipal administration --- Municipal reform --- Municipalities --- Urban politics --- Metropolitan government --- Municipal corporations --- Government --- Local government - Netherlands - History - 20th century --- Netherlands - History - German occupation, 1940-1945

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The work addresses the subject of the contemporary urban park, interpreted as an ethical and aesthetic space. Ethical in the proper sense of the word, that is conforming to the character of the place, and aesthetic in the sense of an urban space subject to qualitative valuations and the ambit of production of aesthetic experience in a real environment animated by the presence of nature. Tracing a critical itinerary through the history of the art of parks and gardens and the current trends of landscape architecture in Europe, the book sustains the theory that the ethics of creating parks always implies a meditation on aesthetic principles and values. The variety of current production is read through several original keys to interpretation: an historic overview of the ethical and aesthetic models, the identification of species of parks and the definition of ethical/aesthetic categories. The final section proposes a modus operandi that adopts the narrative dimension as a guideline for design. Published in the volume is the doctoral thesis that received the Grinzane Cavour – Giardini Hanbury special prize in 2006.

Cities and towns --- Sociology, Urban --- Culture --- Architecture --- Environmentally-friendly architecture & design --- Cultural sociology --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Urban sociology --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Social aspects --- Sociologia --- Territorio --- Architettura del paesaggio --- Open Access --- Architettura --- Storia dell'arte --- Progettazione architettonica --- Cities and towns. --- Sociology, Urban. --- Culture.