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The most conspicuous biological invasions in terrestrial ecosystems have been by exotic plants, insects and vertebrates. Less conspicuous but possibly of equal importance are invasions by soil invertebrates, which are occurring literally beneath our feet. Familiar examples include the South American fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) which has invaded North America and Australia, and the New Zealand flatworm (Arthurdendyus triangulatus) which has become wide-spread in the United Kingdom; both have caused considerable ecological and economic damage. There is now evidence that exotic earthworm invasions are increasing world-wide and may be having significant impacts on soil processes and plant communities in some regions. Much remains to be learned about these ˜cryptic' biological invasions. The papers in this book are based on efforts by an international group of soil ecologists to assess the biological and ecological mechanisms of earthworm invasions, their geographic extent and impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, and possible means by which earthworm invasions might be mitigated.

General ecology and biosociology --- Pedology --- bodemkunde --- bodembescherming --- ecologie

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Coal Combustion Byproducts and Environmental Issues addresses the major implications and critical issues surrounding coal combustion products and their impact upon the environment. It provides essential information for scientists conducting research on coal and coal combustion products, but also serves as a valuable reference for a wide variety of researchers and other professionals in the energy industry and in the fields of public health, engineering, and environmental sciences. The ultimate goal of this volume is to benefit both our economy and our environment as humanity enters the second half of the fossil fuel era.

Physicochemistry --- Inorganic chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Pedology --- geochemie --- bodemkunde --- bodembescherming --- anorganische chemie --- fysicochemie

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Physicochemistry --- Inorganic chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Pedology --- geochemie --- bodemkunde --- bodembescherming --- anorganische chemie --- fysicochemie

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In every respect, human development and human security are closely linked to the productivity of ecosystems. Our future rests squarely on their continued viability. UNDP, UNEP, World Bank, World Resources Institute: World Resources 2000- 2001. People and Ecosystems. The Fraying Web of Life. 1. OBJECTIVE OF THE BOOK Soil, surface waters/sediments and shallow unprotected groundwater aquifers are interrelated compartments of the environment that are particularly easy to compromise, sensitive to short- and long-term pollution and directly affect sustainability of ecosystems and human health. Routine human activity such as application of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture and forestry, or wet and dry deposition of atmospheric pollutants emitted from industrial plants, waste disposal and other practices adversely affect soil and water quality that already increasingly suffers from mismanagement in many areas. The predominant sources of pollution result in non-point contamination that is particularly difficult to reduce and control. Wars, accidents and natural emergency cases such as catastrophic floods that occur partly due to anthropogenically disturbed global water balance also add to overall increase of diverse contaminant loads in soil and water. Beneficial properties of some bulk waste materials such as biosolids (sewage sludge), biowaste (e. g. municipal waste composts) or fly ash from coal combustion xi xii Preface encourage applying these waste to land as a source of nutrients and organic matter, or as a soil amendment.

Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Pedology --- bodemkunde --- bodembescherming --- waterverontreiniging --- milieubeleid --- milieuzorg --- milieubeheer --- milieuanalyse

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Stable isotopes are frequently used as tracers in biological systems, and their ability to track changes and processes over time has made them increasingly important to ecological research. For ecologists, stable isotopes provide a natural way to directly trace details of element cycling in the environment. Stable Isotope Ecology provides a solid introduction to this advanced subject, and can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines as well. In order to enable scientists to establish source-sink connections in ecological settings, Stable Isotope Ecology begins by reviewing fundamental topics of tracer fractionation and mixing. Several mini-reviews profile problems and successes encountered with isotope tracing in particular focus areas, while emphasizing the role that humans increasingly play in changing our planetary ecosphere. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. Just type in values and watch the isotope action unfold in the dynamic models. Fry's humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology, using a unique, hands-on approach to engage students. The mechanics of fractionation and mixing are laid out in simple steps, with numerous examples and accessible mathematics (algebra only).  The book encourages students to begin their own pilot project with stable isotopes. About the Author: Dr. Brian Fry is a Professor in the Coastal Ecology Institute and the Department of Oceanography and Coastal Studies at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. His mother and father both used isotopes in their research careers, so he is a second generation isotope scientist.

Meteorology. Climatology --- Biogeography --- Molecular biology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Pedology --- bodemkunde --- systematische plantkunde --- moleculen --- bodembescherming --- biogeografie --- ecologie --- moleculaire biologie --- klimaatverandering