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Colloids --- Electric double layer --- Electrokinetics --- Transport theory --- Electric properties

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Packed bed columns are largely employed for absorption, desorption, rectification and direct heat transfer processes in chemical and food industry, environmental protection and also processes in thermal power stations like water purification, flue gas heat utilization and SO2 removal.These Separation processes, are estimated to account for 40%-70% of capital and operating costs in process industry. Packed bed columns are widely employed in this area. Their usage also for direct heat transfer between gas and liquid, enlarge their importance. They are the best apparatuses, from thermodynamic

Packed towers. --- Mass transfer. --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Columns, Packed --- Towers, Packed --- Chemical engineering --- Diffusion --- Equipment and supplies --- Chemistry --- Chemical Engineering

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There exist a wide range of applications where a significant fraction of the momentum and energy present in a physical problem is carried by the transport of particles. Depending on the specific application, the particles involved may be photons, neutrons, neutrinos, or charged particles. Regardless of which phenomena is being described, at the heart of each application is the fact that a Boltzmann like transport equation has to be solved. The complexity, and hence expense, involved in solving the transport problem can be understood by realizing that the general solution to the 3D Boltzmann transport equation is in fact really seven dimensional: 3 spatial coordinates, 2 angles, 1 time, and 1 for speed or energy. Low-order approximations to the transport equation are frequently used due in part to physical justification but many in cases, simply because a solution to the full transport problem is too computationally expensive. An example is the diffusion equation, which effectively drops the two angles in phase space by assuming that a linear representation in angle is adequate. Another approximation is the grey approximation, which drops the energy variable by averaging over it. If the grey approximation is applied to the diffusion equation, the expense of solving what amounts to the simplest possible description of transport is roughly equal to the cost of implicit computational fluid dynamics. It is clear therefore, that for those application areas needing some form of transport, fast, accurate and robust transport algorithms can lead to an increase in overall code performance and a decrease in time to solution.

Neutron transport theory --- Photon transport theory --- Radiative transfer --- Transport theory --- Research. --- Boltzmann transport equation --- Transport phenomena --- Mathematical physics --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Radiation --- Statistical mechanics --- Transfer, Radiative --- Astrophysics --- Geophysics --- Heat --- Multigroup diffusion (Neutron transport) --- Neutron diffusion theory --- Nuclear fission --- Nuclear fusion --- Nuclear reactors --- Radiation and absorption --- 517.95 --- 519.63 --- 681.3 *G18 --- 519.63 Numerical methods for solution of partial differential equations --- Numerical methods for solution of partial differential equations --- 517.95 Partial differential equations --- Partial differential equations --- 681.3 *G18 Partial differential equations: difference methods; elliptic equations; finite element methods; hyperbolic equations; method of lines; parabolic equations (Numerical analysis) --- Partial differential equations: difference methods; elliptic equations; finite element methods; hyperbolic equations; method of lines; parabolic equations (Numerical analysis) --- Research --- Computer science. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer mathematics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Physical mathematics --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics

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Mechanical properties and fluid transport in rocks are intimately linked as deformation of a solid rock matrix immediately affects the pore space and permeability. This may result in transient or permanent changes of pore pressures and effective pressures causing rock strength to vary in space and time. Fluid circulation and deformation processes in crustal rocks are coupled, producing significant complexity of mechanical and fluid transport behavior. This often poses severe technical and economic problems for reservoir and geotechnical engineering projects involved in oil and gas production, CO2 sequestration, mining and underground waste disposal. For example, the depletion of hydrocarbon and water reservoirs leading to compaction may have adverse effects on well production. Solution/precipitation processes modify porosity and affect permeability of aquifers and reservoir rocks. Fracture damage from underground excavation will critically influence the long-term stability and performance of waste storage. Part I of this topical volume covers mainly the nucleation and evolution of crack damage in rocks, new or modified techniques to measure rock fracture toughness and a discussion of upscaling techniques relating mechanical and fluid transport behaviour in rocks at different spatial scales. Part II, to be published later in 2006, will include studies investigating the coupling of rock deformation and fluid flow.

Rock deformation. --- Fluid dynamics. --- Transport theory. --- Boltzmann transport equation --- Transport phenomena --- Mathematical physics --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Radiation --- Statistical mechanics --- Dynamics --- Fluid mechanics --- Deformation, Rock --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Geology, Structural --- Geography. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Hydrogeology. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Earth sciences. --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences

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This book presents a compilation of state-of-the art studies on gas and vapor transport processes in porous and fractured media. A broad set of models and processes is presented, including advection/diffusion, the Dusty Gas Model, enhanced vapor diffusion, phase change, coupled processes, solid/vapor sorption, and vapor-pressure lowering. Numerous applications are also presented that illustrate these processes and models in current problems facing the scientific community. This book fills a gap in the general area of transport in porous and fractured media - an area that has historically been dominated by studies of liquid-phase flow and transport. This book identifies gas and vapor transport processes that may be important or dominant in various applications, and it exploits recent advances in computational modeling and experimental methods to present studies that distinguish the relative importance of various mechanisms of transport in complex media. Audience: This book offers essential reading to researchers and graduate students in soil science, hydrology, as well as civil engineering, and mechanical engineering. Also employees at government institutions, national laboratories, practicing environmental engineers and engineering consultants can find valuable information in this book. Finally it can serve as a textbook to students with a basic background in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.

Gas dynamics. --- Porous materials. --- Vapors. --- Vapours --- Gases --- Porous media --- Materials --- Porosity --- Gasdynamics --- Fluid dynamics --- Thermodynamics --- Engineering. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer