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Der Sammelband vereinigt Beiträge vieler renommierter Romanisten zum römischen Sklavenrecht. Vermögensrechtliche Fragen, namentlich des Sondervermögens (peculium) von Sklaven, werden ebenso erörtert wie die soziale Stellung einzelner Sklavengruppen. Zudem werden ausführlich Probleme der Freilassung von Sklaven untersucht. Weitere Beiträge sind dem Verhältnis zwischen römischem Sklaventum und frühem Christentum sowie der mittelalterlichen Rezeption des antiken Sklavenrechts gewidmet. Ein Schrifttumsverzeichnis von Hans Wieling beschließt den Band.

Law. --- Roman Law/Law History/Canon Law. --- History. --- Law --- Droit --- Histoire --- Slavery (Roman law) --- Freedmen (Roman law) --- Cultural studies. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Cultural Studies. --- History, general. --- Philosophy. --- Law—Philosophy.

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Rights language is a fundamental feature of the modern world. Virtually all significant social and political struggles are waged, and have been waged for over a century now, in terms of rights claims. In some ways, it is precisely the birth of modern rights language that ushers in modernity in terms of moral and political thought, and the struggle for a modern way of life seems for many synonymous with the fight for a universal recognition of equal, individual human rights. Where did modern rights language come from? What kinds of rights discourses is it rooted in? What is the specific nature of modern rights discourse; when and where were medieval and ancient notions of rights transformed into it? Can one in fact find any single such transformation of medieval into modern rights discourse? The present volume brings together some of the most central scholars in the history of medieval and early-modern rights discourse. Through the different angles taken by its authors, the volume brings to light the multifaceted nature of rights languages in the medieval and early modern world.

Human rights --- Civil rights --- Natural law --- History. --- Political science. --- Political Science. --- Human Rights. --- History, general. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Human rights. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation

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Being Apart from Reasons deals with the question of how we should go about using reasons to decide what to do. More particularly, the book presents objections to the most common response given by contemporary legal and political theorists to the moral complexity of decision-making in modern societies, namely: the attempt to release public agents from their argumentative burden by insulating a particular set of reasons from the general pool of reasons and assigning the former systematic priority over all other reasons. If those attempts succeed, public agents should not reason comprehensively, taking into account all reasons and weighing them against one another. Some reasons would be excluded from decision-making by kind. That strategy is apparent both in Rawls’ claim that reasons concerning the right are systematically prior to reasons concerning the good and in Raz’s claim that pre-emptive reasons are systematically prior to first-order reasons. The same strategy is also instantiated by certain arguments for the procedural value of law, such as Jeremy Waldron’s. In the book, each of those arguments for the insulation of reasons is objected to in order to defend the thesis the reasoning by public agents must always be as comprehensive as possible. In order to reach that conclusion a particular picture of public decision-making is needed. That picture is provided by the comparison between the use of reasons in public and private decision-making which is carried out in the first two chapters of the book. That comparison brings to light peculiar features of public decision-making that imply the need for public agents to reason comprehensively before deciding. The remaining chapters object to those arguments mentioned above which aim at justifying the exclusion of certain reasons from public agents' decision-making.

Decision making --- Decision making. --- Reasoning. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic) --- Logic --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Decision-making (Ethics) --- Ethics --- Ethics. --- Philosophy of law. --- Political science --- Philosophy of Law. --- Political Philosophy. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Philosophy. --- Political philosophy --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Political science. --- Political philosophy. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The

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The area of Information Technology & Lawyers is a fascinating one. Both from a practical and an academic perspective the opportunities of applying Information Technology to law are tremendous. At the same time, however, lawyers are amongst the most conservative professionals, and traditional late adapters of technology. Nowadays the gap between Information Technology & Lawyers is closing more and more, in particular due to the Internet and the richness of legal sources that can be found online. This book provides material to further bridge the gap by showing people with a legal background what is possible with Information Technology now and in the near future, as well as by showing people with an IT background what opportunities exist in the domain of law. Any lawyer should read this book about the current practice of IT in the legal domain, and what is to be expected in the near future. The book is meant for both practitioners and academics, and can serve in any (post)graduate courses on computer science, law, business, etc. The editors Arno R. Lodder and Anja Oskamp are both affiliated to the Computer/Law Institute of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and before co-edited books on IT support of the Judiciary, as well as the first two editions of the Dutch handbook on IT & Lawyers.

Legal research --- Practice of law --- Technology and law. --- Law and technology --- Law --- Law practice --- Data processing. --- Automation. --- Practice --- Information systems. --- Law. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities. --- Law, general. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Technology and law --- Data processing --- Automation --- Application software. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Philosophy.

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This book is on evidence for character judgments, answering questions about how such judgments are and should be supported or refuted by verifiable evidence. For example, if I claim that some particular person has integrity, or does not, what kind of justification should properly be used to support or refute the claim? This book answers the question using a model of abductive reasoning, commonly called inference to the best explanation. The methodology of the book derives from recent work on models of reasoning in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence. The aim is not just to show how character judgments are made, but to show how they should be properly be made based on sound reasoning, in order to avoid errors and superficial judgments of a kind that are common. Character evidence in law is on a razor’s edge. It is generally inadmissible, for it might tend to prejudice a jury, but it is a kind of evidence often needed in trials, for example, to cross-examine a witness. This book shows that we are not as good at judging character as we think, and often make serious mistakes. But it is shown how character judgments can, in some instances, be based on good reasoning supported by factual evidence in a case.

Reputation (Law) --- Examination of witnesses --- Abduction (Logic) --- Artificial intelligence. --- Psychological aspects. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Logic --- Reasoning --- Syllogism --- Evidence (Law) --- Trial practice --- Witnesses --- Evidence, Character --- Fama publica --- Character evidence --- Law and legislation --- Philosophy of law. --- Criminal Law. --- Philosophy of Law. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. --- Crime --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Criminals --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Public law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal procedure --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Political science. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Criminal law. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The