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Competition and efficiency is at the core of economic theory. This volume collects papers of leading scholars, which extend the conventional general equilibrium model in important ways: Efficiency and price regulation are studied when markets are incomplete and existence of equilibria in such settings is proven under very general preference assumptions. The model is extended to include geographical location choice, a commodity space incorporating manufacturing imprecision and preferences for club-membership, schools and firms. Inefficiencies arising from household externalities or group membership are evaluated. Core equivalence is shown for bargaining economies. The theory of risk aversion is extended and the relation between risk taking and wealth is experimentally investigated. Other topics include determinacy in OLG with cash-in-advance constraints, income distribution and democracy in OLG, learning in OLG and in games, optimal pricing of derivative securities, the impact of heterogeneity at the individual level for aggregate consumption, and adaptive contracting in view of uncertainty.
Economics, Mathematical. --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- DGE (Economics) --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Mathematical economics --- Econometrics --- Mathematics --- Methodology --- Economic theory. --- Econometrics. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Economics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man
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V.A. Vasil’ev and E.B. Yanovskaya 1 Game theory in the USSR before 1990 In this introductory chapter ?rst a short historical information about the development of game theory in the USSR before the 1990s is given. It should help to understand the choice of the papers in this volume. The development of game theory in the USSR began in the early sixties. N.N.Vorob’ev (1925- 1995) was the author of the ?rst papers about game theory in Russian; he was also the leader of a group of PhD students and young researchers at Leningrad who studied this new ?eldinmathematics. The early papers by Vorob’ev on enumerating equilibrium points in - matrix games ([74]), coalitional games where a player may belong to di erent coalitions ([77] and [78]) and equivalence of di erent types of strategies in games in extensive form ([75] and [76]), were published in Soviet journals having English translations, and so they became known in the West. Later on, game theory in the USSR exhibited signi?cant progress, which deserved world-wide attention. However, many game-theoretic papers were published in Soviet journals and edited volumes which have never been translated into English. In the 1960s, the theory of zero-sum games was popular in the USSR.
Game theory. --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- Games, Theory of --- Theory of games --- Mathematical models --- Mathematics --- DGE (Economics) --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Economic theory. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man
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Macroeconomics is evolving in an almost dialectic fashion. The latest evolution is the development of a new synthesis that combines insights of new classical, new Keynesian and real business cycle traditions into a dynamic, stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model that serves as a foundation for thinking about macro policy. That new synthesis has opened up the door to a new antithesis, which is being driven by advances in computing power and analytic techniques. This new synthesis is coalescing around developments in complexity theory, automated general to specific econometric modeling, agent-based models, and non-linear and statistical dynamical models. This book thus provides the reader with an introduction to what might be called a Post Walrasian research program that is developing as the antithesis of the Walrasian DSGE synthesis.
Macroeconomics --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- Mathematical models. --- -Equilibrium (Economics) --- -339.015195 --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- Economics --- Stagnation (Economics) --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Mathematical models --- -Electronic information resources --- Electronic information resources --- E-books --- Equilibrium (Economics). --- DGE (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Business, Economy and Management --- Macroeconomics - Mathematical models.
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Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) approaches have been used extensively over the past 25 years to analyze government and other policies for both developed and developing countries. Advances in methodology, computation techniques and data availability, including Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) data, have allowed researchers to use CGE models to study the potential policy impacts of tax, trade, environmental issues, etc. at the urban and regional levels as well as the macro level. What is common with these policy topics is that they cause structural, long-term impacts, including price changes
Urban economics --- Urban policy --- Regional economics --- Regional planning --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- DGE (Economics) --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Cities and state --- Urban problems --- City and town life --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Sociology, Urban --- City planning --- Urban renewal --- Mathematical models.
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This book contains a collection of original and state-of-the-art contributions in rational choice and general equilibrium theory. Among the topics are preferences, demand, equilibrium, core allocations, and testable restrictions. The contributing authors are Daniel McFadden, Rosa Matzkin, Emma Moreno-Garcia, Roger Lagunoff, Yakar Kannai, Myrna Wooders, James Moore, Ted Bergstrom, Luca Anderlini, Lin Zhou, Mark Bagnoli, Alexander Kovalenkov, Carlos Herves-Beloso, Michaela Topuzu, Bernard Cornet, Andreu Mas-Colell and Nicholas Yannelis.
Equilibrium (Economics) --- Economics. --- Probabilities. --- Economic theory. --- Macroeconomics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- DGE (Economics) --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Probabilities
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The problem of efficient or optimal allocation of resources is a fundamental concern of economic analysis. The theory of optimal economic growth can be viewed as an aspect of this central theme, which emphasizes in general the issues arising in the allocation of resources over an infinite time horizon, and in particular the consumption-investment decision process in models in which there is no natural "terminal date". This broad scope of "optimal growth theory" is one which has evolved over time, as economists have discovered new interpretations of its central results, as well as new applications of its basic methods. The Handbook on Optimal Growth provides surveys of significant results of the theory of optimal growth, as well as the techniques of dynamic optimization theory on which they are based. Armed with the results and methods of this theory, a researcher will be in an advantageous position to apply these versatile methods of analysis to new issues in the area of dynamic economics. .
Economic development --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- Resource allocation --- Allocation of resources --- Resources allocation --- Economics --- Management --- Operations research --- Organization --- Planning --- Feasibility studies --- DGE (Economics) --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- 303.8 --- 338.8 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Econometrische behandeling van een onderwerp --- Economische groei
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In order to understand the various strands of general equilibrium theory, why it has taken the forms that it has since the time of Léon Walras, and to appreciate fully a view of the state of general equilibrium theorising, it is essential to understand Walras's work and examine its influence. The first section of this 2006 book accordingly examines the foundations of Walras's work. These include his philosophical and methodological approach to economic modelling, his views on human nature, and the basic components of his general equilibrium models. The second section examines how the influence of his ideas has been manifested in the theorising of his successors, surveying the models of theorists such as H. L. Moore, Vilfredo Pareto, Knut Wicksell, Gustav Cassel, Abraham Wald, John von Neumann, J. R. Hicks, Kenneth Arrow, and Gerard Debreu. The treatment also examines models of many types in which Walras's influence is explicitly acknowledged.
Walras, Léon --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- Economics --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 330.08 --- Economisten. --- DGE (Economics) --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economisten --- Walras, Léon, --- Walras, Marie Esprit Léon, --- Walras, Léon, --- Economics. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Walras, Léon, - 1834-1910 --- Walras, Leon,
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In recent years, New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (NK DSGE) models have become increasingly popular in the academic literature and in policy analysis. However, the success of these models in reproducing the dynamic behavior of an economy following structural shocks is still disputed. This paper attempts to shed light on this issue. We use a VAR with sign restrictions that are robust to model and parameter uncertainty to estimate the effects of monetary policy, preference, government spending, investment, price markup, technology, and labor supply shocks on macroeconomic variables in the United States and the euro area. In contrast to the NK DSGE models, the empirical results indicate that technology shocks have a positive effect on hours worked, and investment and preference shocks have a positive impact on consumption and investment, respectively. While the former is in line with the predictions of Real Business Cycle models, the latter indicates the relevance of accelerator effects, as described by earlier Keynesian models. We also show that NK DSGE models might overemphasize the contribution of cost-push shocks to business cycle fluctuations while, at the same time, underestimating the importance of other shocks such as changes to technology and investment adjustment costs.
Econometrics --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Technology --- general issues --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models --- Labor supply --- Expenditure --- Real wages --- Econometric models --- Labor market --- Expenditures, Public --- Wages --- United States
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One may have various reasons for compiling a volume of papers devoted to and inspired by Walras and Pareto. Pareto succeeded Walras in 1893 on the chair of Political Economy at the University of Lausanne. The relation between the two was not always without tensions, although Pareto, on the occasion of his 25 years jubilee celebration, at least in part, transferred the honours offered to him to Walras. Indeed, one may say that to a substantial extent important parts of the works of Pareto would not have been possible without the insights of Walras. Both eminent scientists also have in common that the image of their inheritance professed to the common university trained economic scholars ('cutes') is a highly restricted caricature of the fullnes of their essential insights and contributions, and students of sociology or politicology may even finish their academic studies without ever having heard the name of Pareto. What cutes "know" about Walras amounts to the following caricature. Walras developed the general economic equilibrium model, but did not care about uniqueness and stability of an equilibrium. It is a model with exchange and production only and it assumes an auctioneer who announces price vectors to establish the equilibrium. The model presupposes perfect information and is static and certainly not dynamic. Walras had a bias towards free competition and laisser faire and neglected monopoly and taxation. Pareto is known by the cutes as the founding father of welfare economics. At best one is informed the notions of Pareto-optimality conditions and the first and second welfare theorems. But welfare economics is in general disappearing from the university research and teaching programs, replaced as it is by consumer and producer surpluses in the nowadays flourishing partial industrial economics programs. In this thought-provoking collection, ten international scholars offer reflections and new interpretations of Walras’and Pareto’s unique contributions to topics as broad as the over-arching important of the social sciences, the development of modern microeconomics and (in particular) econometrics, political economy and public choice, and political sociology. Their insights will be of particular interest to researchers and scholars of economic history, political sociology, and the social sciences.
Equilibrium (Economics) --- Welfare economics. --- Walras, Léon, --- Pareto, Vilfredo, --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Social policy --- DGE (Economics) --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Walras, Marie Esprit Léon, --- Economics. --- Macroeconomics. --- Economic history. --- Economics, general. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Management science. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Walras, Leon,
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This paper derives an equilibrium for a competitive multi-stage game in which an agents' current action influences his probability of survival into the next round of play. This is directly relevant in banking, where a banks' current lending and pricing decisions determines its future probability of default. In technical terms, our innovation is to consider a multi-stage game with endogenous discounting. An equilibrium for such a multi-stage game with endogenous discounting has not been derived before in the literature.
Game theory. --- Competition --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- Mathematical models. --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- Games, Theory of --- Theory of games --- DGE (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Mathematical models --- Mathematics --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Environmental Economics --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Environmental Economics: General --- Finance --- Banking --- Environmental economics --- Asset prices --- Environment --- Prices --- Banks and banking --- Environmental sciences
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