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This paper proposes a general framework for monitoring macro-critical energy sectors in low-income countries, defined as consisting of the three subsectors of crude oil and natural gas production, refinery, and electricity production. It aims to derive consistent information on physical and financial flows in the sector, including on interlinkages between the subsectors. It then applies this framework to Côte d'Ivoire. While being an important source of growth, the Ivoirien energy sector is found to have important shortcomings, in particular as regards transparency, efficiency and contribution to fiscal revenue. Among the key problems are partially intransparent production sharing arrangements for hydrocarbon production, price distortions for natural gas, administered prices for refined petroleum products, underfunding and lack of investment in the electricity sector, and inefficient government subsidies in the latter two subsectors.

Petroleum --- Natural gas --- Electric utilities --- Econometric models. --- Electric companies --- Electric light and power industry --- Electric power industry --- Gas, Natural --- Sour gas --- Coal-oil --- Crude oil --- Oil --- Electric industries --- Energy industries --- Public utilities --- Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous --- Hydrocarbons --- Caustobioliths --- Mineral oils --- Investments: Energy --- Industries: Energy --- Energy: General --- Electric Utilities --- Hydrocarbon Resources --- Energy and the Macroeconomy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Investment & securities --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Electricity --- Natural gas sector --- Energy sector --- Oil production --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Gas industry --- Côte d'Ivoire

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This paper discusses Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement for the Republic of Tajikistan. The assessment reveals that Tajikistan’s macroeconomic performance during 1998–2005 has been robust, albeit with occasional lapses. Economic growth during this period has far exceeded program projections, but inflation performance has been at times volatile, and often overshot program targets. Macroeconomic stabilization was mainly driven by a strong fiscal consolidation. In contrast, monetary policy has occasionally undermined inflation performance. Initial progress in implementing structural reforms was uneven.

Economic assistance --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations) --- World Bank --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Tajikistan --- Economic policy. --- Világbank --- Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ bank dli︠a︡ rekonstrukt︠s︡ii i razvitii︠a︡ --- MBRR --- Sekai Ginkō --- Kokusai Fukkō Kaihatsu Ginkō --- Kukche Puhŭng Kaebal Ŭnhaeng --- Segye Ŭnhaeng --- IBRD --- Welt Bank --- Weltbank --- Banque mondiale --- Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento --- Banco Mundial --- B.I.R.D. --- BIRD --- Banca Internațională pentru Reconstrucție și Dezvoltare --- Mirovoĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ bank rekonstrukt︠s︡iï i rozvytku --- Verdensbanken --- Międzynarodowy Bank Rozwoju i Odbudowy --- Bank al-Dawlī lil-Inshāʼ wa-al-Taʻmīr --- Bank al-Dawlī --- Världsbanken --- Banca ricostruzione e sviluppo --- Banca di ricostruzione e sviluppo --- BIRF --- I.B.R.D. --- B.I.R.F. --- Shih chieh yin hang --- Shi jie yin hang --- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- World Bank Group. World Bank --- Thanākhān Lōk --- Bank Światowy --- Viśva Baiṅka --- Lōka Băṅkuva --- Ngân hàng Thế giới --- Vsemirnyĭ Bank --- Bank Dunia --- Msopʻlio Bankis --- Banca Mondială --- BM --- Prapañca Byāṅku --- Banca mondiale --- Banca internazionale per la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo --- Dhanāgār Bibhab Lok --- البنك الدولي --- بنك الدولي --- 世界銀行 --- 世界银行 --- 国際復興開発銀行 --- Dėlkhiĭn Bank --- Дэлхийн Банк --- Hamashkharhayin Banki --- Svetska Banka --- Wereldbank --- Internationale bank voor herstel en ontwikkeling --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Public Finance --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Energy --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Fiscal Policy --- Energy and the Macroeconomy --- International economics --- Banking --- Finance --- Public finance & taxation --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Arrears --- External debt --- Debt rescheduling --- Government debt management --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Fiscal consolidation --- Fiscal policy --- Energy sector --- Economic sectors --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- Debts, Public --- Energy industries --- Tajikistan, Republic of