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fysicochemie --- Organic reaction mechanisms and kinetics --- Physical organic chemistry. --- Chimie organique physique --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Organic Chemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physical organic chemistry
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This volume of Modern Aspects covers a wide spread of topics presented in an authoritative, informative and instructive manner by some internationally renowned specialists. Professors Politzer and Dr. Murray provide a comprehensive description of the various theoretical treatments of solute-solvent interactions, including ion-solvent interactions. Both continuum and discrete molecular models for the solvent molecules are discussed, including Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. The advantages and drawbacks of the resulting models and computational approaches are discussed and the impressive progress made in predicting the properties of molecular and ionic solutions is surveyed. The fundamental and applied electrochemistry of the silicon/electrolyte interface is presented in an authoritative review by Dr. Gregory Zhang, with emphasis in the preparation of porous silicon, a material of significant technological interest, via anodic dissolution of monocrystalline Si. The chapter shows eloquently how fundamental electrokinetic principles can be utilized to obtain the desired product morphology. Markov chains theory provides a powerful tool for modeling several important processes in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering, including electrode kinetics, anodic deposit formation and deposit dissolution processes, electrolyzer and electrochemical reactors performance and even reliability of warning devices and repair of failed cells. The way this can be done using the elegant Markov chains theory is described in lucid manner by Professor Thomas Fahidy in a concise chapter which gives to the reader only the absolutely necessary mathematics and is rich in practical examples.
Electrochemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physical Chemistry. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Physical chemistry. --- Materials science. --- Material science --- Physical sciences
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Advances in the Theory of Chemical and Physical Systems Proceedings of the 9th European Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics (QSCP-IX) held at Les Houches, France, in September 2004 Pr J.-P. Julien, Dr J. Maruani, Pr D. Mayou, Dr S. Wilson, and Pr G. Delgado-Barrio Advances in the Theory of Chemical and Physical Systems is a collection of 26 selected papers from the scientific presentations made at the 9th European Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics (QSCP-IX) held at Les Houches, France, in September 2004. This volume encompasses a spectrum of developing topics in which scientists place special emphasis on theoretical methods in the study of chemical and physical properties of various systems: Quantum Chemical Methods (including CC and DFT for excited states) Relativistic and Heavy-Element Systems (including radiative and nuclear effects) Complexes and Clusters (including metal complexes and clusters) Complex Systems (including quasicrystals, nanotubes and proteins) This volume is an invaluable resource for all academics and researchers interested in theoretical, quantum or computational chemistry, physical chemistry and chemical physics, particularly molecular physics, condensed matter, heavy elements, complexes and clusters, and complex systems. It presents a selection of some of the most advanced methods, results and insights in these expanding areas.
Quantum chemistry --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Materials. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Materials Science, general. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials --- Physical chemistry. --- Materials science. --- Material science --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry
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Nucleation is the initial step of every first-order phase transition, and most phase transitions encountered both in everyday life and industrial processes are of the first-order. Using an elegant classical theory based on thermodynamics and kinetics, this book provides a fully detailed picture of multi-component nucleation. As many of the issues concerning multi-component nucleation theory have been solved during the last 10-15 years, it also thoroughly integrates both fundamental theory with recent advances presented in the literature. Classical Nucleation Theory in Multicomponent Systems serves as a textbook for advanced thermodynamics courses, as well as an important reference for researchers in the field. The main topics covered are: the basic relevant thermodynamics and statistical physics; modelling a molecular cluster as a spherical liquid droplet; predicting the size and composition of the nucleating critical clusters; kinetic models for cluster growth and decay; calculating nucleation rates; and a full derivation and application of nucleation theorems that can be used to extract microscopic cluster properties from nucleation rate measurements. The assumptions and approximations needed to build the classical theory are described in detail, and the reasons why the theory fails in certain cases are explained. Relevant problems are presented at the end of each chapter.
Nucleation --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Thermodynamics. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physical Chemistry. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Physical chemistry. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Thin films. --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films
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Copolymers. --- Copolymères --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Polymers. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Copolymers --- Polymerization --- Organic Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Polymerization. --- Polymers --- Synthesis. --- Polymerisation --- Polymers and polymerization --- Synthesis of polymers --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Synthesis --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Macromolecules --- Physical sciences --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Polymers .
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Reviews in Fluorescence 2006, the third volume of a new book serial from Springer, serves as a comprehensive collection of current trends and emerging hot topics in the field of fluorescence. It summarizes the year’s progress in fluorescence, with authoritative analytical reviews specialized enough to be attractive to professional researchers, yet also appealing to the wider audience of scientists in related disciplines of fluorescence. Reviews in Fluorescence offers an essential reference material for any lab working in the fluorescence field. All academics, bench scientists, and industry professionals wishing to take advantage of the latest and greatest in the continuously emerging field of fluorescence will find it an invaluable resource. Key features: Comprehensive coverage of the year's hottest topics Chapters authored by known leading figures in the fluorescence field Accessible utility in a single volume reference New volume publishes annually Each Reviews in Fluorescence volume will be citable (ISI) and indexed Reviews in Fluorescence 2006 topics include: The History of FRET Prediction of tissue damage using fluorescence spectroscopy The Detection of Biological Thiols Fluorescent Bronchoscopy Quantum dots as labels in imaging Total internal reflection-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy to follow sol-gel growth and dynamics Measurement of free Zinc in cells Green fluorescent protein biosensors About the Editors: Chris D. Geddes is a Professor of Fluorescence, Director of the Institute of Fluorescence and Associate Director of the Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy at the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Medical Biotechnology Center, Baltimore. He has a B.Sc. from Lancaster University, UK and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry (fluorescence spectroscopy) from the University of Wales Swansea, UK. He is the Editor-in-chief of the Journal of Fluorescence, Plasmonics, Who's Who in Fluorescence, Reviews in Plasmonics, Reviews in Fluorescence, Co-Editor of the popular series Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy, as well as Executive Director of the Society of Fluorescence. Dr Geddes has published over 110 scientific articles, papers, review articles and book chapters, as well as 10 books on the principles and applications of fluorescence. Current interests in Dr Geddes’s laboratories include the development of analyte sensing contact lenses for clinical assessment, as well as the development and understanding of a new near field concept entitled, Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence. Joseph R. Lakowicz is Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore and Director of the Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Dr. Lakowicz has published over 400 scientific articles, has edited numerous books, holds 16 issued patents, and is the sole author of the widely used text, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, also published by Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, now in its 2nd Edition.
Fluorescence. --- Fluorescence spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Biotechnology. --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Analytic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- Analytical chemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis
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Understanding the physical properties of foods is important as they are used in process design, product and process optimization, product development, food quality control and food process modeling. This book provides a fundamental understanding of physical properties of foods. Basic definitions and principles of physical properties are discussed as well as the importance of physical properties in the food industry and measurement methods. In addition, recent studies in physical properties area are summarized. The material presented is helpful for students to understand the relationship between physical and functional properties of raw, semi-finished, and processed food in order to obtain products with desired shelf-life and quality. Each chapter provides examples and problems, which teach students to analyze experimental data to generate practical information. In addition, the material in the book may be of interest to people who are working in the field of Food Science, Food Technology, Biological Systems Engineering, Food Process Engineering, or Agricultural Engineering. The book also can be used as a reference by graduate students and researchers who deal with physical properties. About the authors Serpil Sahin and Servet Gülüm Sumnu are Professors at the Middle East Technical University’s Department of Food Engineering. .
Food --- Analysis. --- Composition. --- Chemistry of food --- Food, Chemistry of --- Food chemistry --- Analysis of food --- Chemistry, Technical --- Sanitary chemistry --- Chemistry --- Analysis --- Composition --- Food science. --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Agriculture. --- Food Science. --- Chemistry/Food Science, general. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physical sciences --- Science --- Alimentos (propriedades físicas) --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry
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This is the first book that attempts to broadly integrate the most recent knowledge in the fields of hydrate nucleation and growth in permafrost regions and marine sediments. Gas hydrate reactant supply, growth models, and implications for pore fill by natural gas hydrate are discussed for both seawater precursors in marine sediments and for permafrost hydrate. These models for forming hydrate concentrations that will constitute targets for exploration are discussed, along with exploration methods. Thermodynamic models for the controlled conversion of hydrate to natural gas, which can be recovered using conventional industry practices, suggest that a number of different types of hydrate occurrence are likely to be practical sources of hydrate natural gas. Current progress in the various aspects of commercial development of hydrate gas deposits are discussed, along with the principal extractive issues that have yet to be resolved. Audience The book will be of interest to petroleum geologists, earth scientists (marine geology and geophysics), government departments and institutions concerned with energy resources.
Natural gas --- Geology, Economic. --- Hydrates. --- Geology. --- Economic geology --- Physical geology --- Mines and mineral resources --- Geology --- Hydrates --- Geology, economic. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Geochemistry. --- Economic Geology. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Economic geology. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology
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Observational, experimental and analytical data show that C60, larger fullerenes, and related structures of elemental carbon exist in interstellar space, meteorites, and on Earth and are associated with meteorite in impact events and in carbon-rich environments such as coals (shungite) and bitumen. The existence of natural fullerenes is at best contested and incompletely documented; realistically it is still controversial. Their presence in astronomical environments can be experimentally constrained but observationally they remain elusive. Fullerenes formation in planetary environments is poorly understood. They survived for giga-years when the environmental conditions were exactly right but even then only a fraction of their original abundance survived. Natural fullerenes and related carbon structures are found in interstellar space, in carbonaceous meteorites associated with giant meteorite impacts (including at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary) as well as in soot, coal and natural bitumen. This book provides an up-to-date summary of the state of knowledge on natural fullerenes occurrences and the laboratory techniques used to determine their presence at low concentration in rock samples. It demonstrates that natural fullerenes exist and should be searched for in places not yet considered such as carbon-containing deep-seated crustal rocks. Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon is written for professional astronomers, meteoriticists, earth and planetary scientists, biologists and chemists interested in carbon and hydrocarbon vapor condensation. It is an invaluable resource for practicing research scientists and science teachers in Earth and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Carbon Science.
Fullerenes. --- Carbon. --- Group 14 elements --- Light elements --- Carbon --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Geochemistry. --- Astronomy. --- Planetology. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Biogeosciences. --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physical chemistry. --- Astrophysics. --- Atoms. --- Physics. --- Geobiology. --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Biology --- Biosphere --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Constitution
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Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics Santosh K. Upadhyay Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics brings together the major facts and theories relating to the rates with which chemical reactions occur from both the macroscopic and microscopic point of view. This book helps the reader achieve a thorough understanding of the principles of chemical kinetics and includes: Detailed stereochemical discussions of reaction steps Classical theory based calculations of state-to-state rate constants A collection of matters on kinetics of various special reactions such as micellar catalysis, phase transfer catalysis, inhibition processes, oscillatory reactions, solid-state reactions, and polymerization reactions at a single source. The growth of the chemical industry greatly depends on the application of chemical kinetics, catalysts and catalytic processes. This volume is therefore an invaluable resource for all academics, industrial researchers and students interested in kinetics, molecular reaction dynamics, and the mechanisms of chemical reactions.
Chemical reactions. --- Chemical kinetics. --- Chemical reaction, Kinetics of --- Chemical reaction, Rate of --- Chemical reaction, Velocity of --- Chemical reaction rate --- Chemical reaction velocity --- Kinetics, Chemical --- Rate of chemical reaction --- Reaction rate (Chemistry) --- Velocity of chemical reaction --- Chemical affinity --- Reactivity (Chemistry) --- Reactions, Chemical --- Chemical processes --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Catalysis. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry
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