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In recognition of fundamental changes in the way governments approach energy-related environmental issues, the IEA has prepared this publication on CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion. This annual publication was first published in 1997 and has become an essential tool for analysts and policy makers in many international fora such as the Conference of the Parties. . The twelfth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change Convention (COP 12), in conjunction with the second meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP/MOP 2), will be meeting in Nairobi from 6 to 17 Novem

Atmospheric carbon dioxide. --- Fossil fuels. --- Greenhouse gases. --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide --- Fossil fuels --- Greenhouse gases --- Environmental aspects --- Combustion --- GHGs (Greenhouse gases) --- Heat-trapping gases --- Fossil energy --- Air --- Carbon dioxide content --- Gases --- Fuel --- Energy minerals --- Atmospheric chemistry --- Carbon dioxide

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As is now generally accepted mankind’s burning of fossil fuels has resulted in the mass transfer of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, a modification of the delicately-balanced global carbon cycle, and a measurable change in world-wide temperatures and climate. Although not the most powerful greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO) drives climate 2 change due to the enormous volumes of this gas pumped into the atmosphere every day. Produced in almost equal parts by the transportation, industrial and energy-generating sectors, atmospheric CO concentrations have 2 increased by about 50% over the last 300 years, and according to some sources are predicted to increase by up to 200% over pre-industrial levels during the next 100 years. If we are to reverse this trend, in order to prevent significant environmental change in the future, action must be taken immediately. While reduced use of fossil fuels (through conservation, increased efficiency and expanded use of renewable energy sources) must be our ultimate goal, short to medium term solutions are needed which can make an impact today. Various types of CO storage techniques have been proposed to fill this 2 need, with the injection of this gas into deep geological reservoirs being one of the most promising. For example this approach has the potential to become a closed loop system, whereby underground energy resources are brought to surface, their energy extracted (via burning or hydrogen extraction), and the resulting by-products returned to the subsurface.

Carbon dioxide mitigation --- Carbon dioxide --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide --- Environmental geochemistry --- Environmental aspects --- Storage --- Air --- Atmospheric chemistry --- Carbonic acid gas --- Carbonic anhydride --- Carbon compounds --- Oxides --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide mitigation --- Carbon dioxide capture --- Mitigation of carbon dioxide --- Pollution prevention --- Carbon dioxide content --- Geology, economic. --- Pollution. --- Environmental protection. --- Climatic changes. --- Geochemistry. --- Economic Geology. --- Pollution, general. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Climate Change. --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Economic geology --- Physical geology --- Mines and mineral resources --- Economic geology. --- Air pollution. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Climate change. --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control --- Geological sequestration --- CO2 --- Greenhouse gas emissions --- Global environmental change