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The studies presented in this volume elaborate key issues related to the globalization of research and development and its implications for developing countries. Firms establish such operations in developing locations with the aim of accessing the skills of the host economies, adapting products to local markets and reducing their costs, in response to competitive pressures, technological changes and a more liberal trade and investment environment. The studies in this volume explore the implications of the recent rise of a number of developing economies as locations of important foreign direct investment projects in research and development. The issues addressed include the use of foreign direct investment versus contractual channels in acquiring innovative capacities in developing countries, the potential links of transnational corporationsþ research and development activities with the local innovation system of host countries, the likelihood of research and development spreading to new developing locations, and the kinds of host country policies that can facilitate diffusion of technologies from foreign affiliates activities to the local economy.

Investments, Foreign --- Research, Industrial --- Technological innovations --- International business enterprises --- Host countries (Business) --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- BPB0605 --- 339.9 --- Buitenlandse economische betrekkingen. Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Investment & Speculation --- Government policy. --- 339.9 Buitenlandse economische betrekkingen. Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Contract research --- Industrial research --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Research --- Engineering experiment stations --- Inventions --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Technology --- Research and development partnership --- International cooperation --- E-books --- Development and research partnership --- Partnership, Research and development --- Limited partnership --- Investments, Foreign - Developing countries - Congresses --- Research, Industrial - Developing countries - Congresses --- Technological innovations - Developing countries - Congresses --- International business enterprises - Government policy --- Host countries (Business) - Economic aspects - Congresses

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Biology --- Biology. --- Research. --- Ukraine. --- Russia (Federation) --- Life sciences --- Biomass --- Life (Biology) --- Natural history --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- Eluosi (Federation) --- Federation of Russia --- Federazione della Russia --- Federazione russa --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat͡sii --- RF --- Roshia Renp --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat͡sii͡ --- Rosja (Federation) --- Rossii͡a (Federation) --- Rossiĭskai͡a Federat͡sii͡ --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Russian Federation --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Russische Föderation --- Urysye Federat͡sie --- Research --- Ukraine --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Roshia Renpō --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Roshia Renpō --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Russische Föderation --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie

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This is a valuable text for both new researchers and those already working in the fields of nonverbal behaviour, affect expression, and related topics. It will play a central role in further refining research methods and coding strategies, allowing a comparison of results from laboratories.

Body language --- Nonverbal Communication --- Physiology --- Research Design --- Psychology --- Behavior --- Communication --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Behavioral Sciences --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Methods --- Research --- Investigative Techniques --- Science --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Information Science --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Social Sciences --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Information Sciences --- Science, Information --- Sciences, Information --- Sciences --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- Methodological Studies --- Methodological Study --- Procedures --- Studies, Methodological --- Study, Methodological --- Method --- Procedure --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Proxemics --- Behavioral Science --- Proxemic --- Science, Behavioral --- Sciences, Behavioral --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism --- Communication Programs --- Communications Personnel --- Misinformation --- Personal Communication --- Social Communication --- Communication Program --- Communication, Personal --- Communication, Social --- Communications, Social --- Personnel, Communications --- Program, Communication --- Programs, Communication --- Social Communications --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Factors, Psychological --- Psychological Factors --- Psychological Side Effects --- Psychologists --- Psychosocial Factors --- Side Effects, Psychological --- Factor, Psychological --- Factor, Psychosocial --- Factors, Psychosocial --- Psychological Factor --- Psychological Side Effect --- Psychologist --- Psychosocial Factor --- Side Effect, Psychological --- Data Adjustment --- Data Reporting --- Design, Experimental --- Designs, Experimental --- Error Sources --- Experimental Designs --- Matched Groups --- Methodology, Research --- Problem Formulation --- Research Methodology --- Research Proposal --- Research Strategy --- Research Technics --- Research Techniques --- Scoring Methods --- Experimental Design --- Adjustment, Data --- Adjustments, Data --- Data Adjustments --- Design, Research --- Designs, Research --- Error Source --- Formulation, Problem --- Formulations, Problem --- Group, Matched --- Groups, Matched --- Matched Group --- Method, Scoring --- Methods, Scoring --- Problem Formulations --- Proposal, Research --- Proposals, Research --- Reporting, Data --- Research Designs --- Research Proposals --- Research Strategies --- Research Technic --- Research Technique --- Scoring Method --- Source, Error --- Sources, Error --- Strategies, Research --- Strategy, Research --- Technic, Research --- Technics, Research --- Technique, Research --- Techniques, Research --- Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees --- Non-verbal Communication --- Communication, Non-verbal --- Communication, Nonverbal --- Non verbal Communication --- Non-verbal Communications --- Nonverbal Communications --- Kinesics --- Nonverbal communication (Psychology) --- Interpersonal communication --- Nonverbal communication --- Methodology --- methods --- Haptic Communication --- Non-Verbal Communication --- Communication, Haptic --- Communication, Non-Verbal --- Communications, Haptic --- Communications, Non-Verbal --- Haptic Communications --- Non Verbal Communication --- Non-Verbal Communications --- Haptic Technology --- Techniques --- Technique --- Psychiatry --- Occupations --- Methodology.

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A legal and moral analysis of medical decision making on behalf of those with such severe cognitive impairments that they cannot exercise self-determination.In this book, Norman Cantor analyzes the legal and moral status of people with profound mental disabilities--those with extreme cognitive impairments that prevent their exercise of medical self-determination. He proposes a legal and moral framework for surrogate medical decision making on their behalf. The issues Cantor explores will be of interest to professionals in law, medicine, psychology, philosophy, and ethics, as well as to parents, guardians, and health care providers who face perplexing issues in the context of surrogate medical decision making.The profoundly mentally disabled are thought by some moral philosophers to lack the minimum cognitive ability for personhood. Countering this position, Cantor advances both theoretical and practical arguments for according them full legal and moral status. He also argues that the concept of intrinsic human dignity should have an integral role in shaping the bounds of surrogate decision making. Thus, he claims, while profoundly mentally disabled persons are not entitled to make their own medical decisions, respect for intrinsic human dignity dictates their right to have a conscientious surrogate make medical decisions on their behalf. Cantor discusses the criteria that bind such surrogates. He asserts, contrary to popular wisdom, that the best interests of the disabled person are not always the determinative standard: the interests of family or others can sometimes be considered. Surrogates may even, consistent with the intrinsic human dignity standard, sometimes authorize tissue donation or participation in nontherapeutic medical research by profoundly disabled persons. Intrinsic human dignity limits the occasions for such decisions and dictates close attention to the preferences and feelings of the profoundly disabled persons themselves. Cantor also analyzes the underlying philosophical rationale that makes these decision-making criteria consistent with law and morals.

Conservatorships --- Informed consent (Medical law) --- Insanity (Law) --- Medical ethics --- Mental health laws --- Consentement éclairé (Droit médical) --- Droit à la mort --- Santé mentale --- Tutelle et curatelle --- Éthique médicale --- Mental Competency --- Mentally Disabled Persons --- Decision Making --- Informed Consent --- Legal Guardians --- Right to Die --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Human Rights --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Human Experimentation --- Social Control, Formal --- Jurisprudence --- Principle-Based Ethics --- Sterilization, Reproductive --- Freedom --- Disabled Persons --- Ethics --- Thinking --- Social Control, Informal --- Persons --- Health Services --- Named Groups --- Sociology --- Philosophy --- Humanities --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Biomedical Research --- Investigative Techniques --- Mental Processes --- Research --- Urogenital Surgical Procedures --- Health Care --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Science --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Social Sciences --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Ethical Analysis --- Personal Autonomy --- Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation --- Personhood --- Tissue and Organ Procurement --- Third-Party Consent --- Coercion --- Patient Rights --- Sterilization, Involuntary --- Law - U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Disabled Legislation - U.S. --- Decision making. --- Droit --- Prise de décision. --- legislation & jurisprudence --- ethics --- Decision making --- United States --- Libertarianism --- Liberty --- Freedoms --- Female Sterilization --- Female Sterilization, Voluntary --- Male Sterilization --- Male Sterilization, Voluntary --- Reproductive Sterilization --- Voluntary Sterilization --- Female Sterilizations --- Female Sterilizations, Voluntary --- Male Sterilizations --- Male Sterilizations, Voluntary --- Reproductive Sterilizations --- Sterilization, Female --- Sterilization, Male --- Sterilization, Voluntary --- Sterilizations, Female --- Sterilizations, Male --- Sterilizations, Reproductive --- Sterilizations, Voluntary --- Voluntary Female Sterilization --- Voluntary Female Sterilizations --- Voluntary Male Sterilization --- Voluntary Male Sterilizations --- Voluntary Sterilizations --- Principlism --- Ethic, Principle-Based --- Ethics, Principle-Based --- Principle Based Ethics --- Principle-Based Ethic --- Constitutional Law --- Court Decision --- Law --- Legal Aspects --- Legal Obligations --- Legal Status --- State Interest --- Litigation --- Medical Jurisprudence --- Aspect, Legal --- Aspects, Legal --- Constitutional Laws --- Court Decisions --- Decision, Court --- Decisions, Court --- Interest, State --- Interests, State --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Law, Constitutional --- Laws --- Laws, Constitutional --- Legal Aspect --- Legal Obligation --- Litigations --- Obligation, Legal --- Obligations, Legal --- State Interests --- Status, Legal --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Human Research Subject Protection --- Experimentation, Human --- Psychologic Processes and Principles --- Equal Rights --- Equal Right --- Human Right --- Right, Equal --- Right, Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Human --- Conservators --- Law and mental illness --- Mental disability law --- Mental health --- Mental illness --- Mental illness and law --- Mentally ill --- People with mental disabilities --- Decision Making, Shared --- Decision Makings, Shared --- Making, Shared Decision --- Makings, Shared Decision --- Shared Decision Making --- Shared Decision Makings --- Death with Dignity --- Dignity, Death with --- Guardian, Legal --- Guardians, Legal --- Legal Guardian --- Consent, Informed --- Competence --- Incompetence, Mental --- Mental Competence --- Competency, Mental --- Incompetency, Mental --- Competence, Mental --- Mental Incompetence --- Mental Incompetency --- Mentally Retarded --- Mentally Disabled --- Mentally Handicapped --- Disabled, Mentally --- Mentally Disabled Person --- Person, Mentally Disabled --- Persons, Mentally Disabled --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Compulsory Sterilization --- Forced Sterilization --- Involuntary Sterilization --- Compulsory Sterilizations --- Forced Sterilizations --- Involuntary Sterilizations --- Sterilization, Compulsory --- Sterilization, Forced --- Sterilizations, Compulsory --- Sterilizations, Forced --- Sterilizations, Involuntary --- Patient's Rights --- Patients' Rights --- Right to Treatment --- Patient Right --- Patient's Right --- Patients Rights --- Patients' Right --- Right to Treatments --- Right, Patient --- Right, Patient's --- Right, Patients' --- Rights, Patient --- Rights, Patient's --- Rights, Patients' --- Treatment, Right to --- Treatments, Right to --- Involuntary Fertility Control --- Fertility Control, Involuntary --- Donor Cards --- Organ Donation --- Required Organ Donation Request --- Required Request --- Tissue Donation --- Organ Procurement --- Organ Procurement Systems --- Tissue Procurement --- Card, Donor --- Cards, Donor --- Donor Card --- Organ Donations --- Organ Procurement System --- Organ Procurements --- Required Requests --- Tissue Donations --- Tissue Procurements --- Human Dignity --- Dignity, Human --- Nontherapeutic Research --- Research, Nontherapeutic --- Human Experimentation, Nontherapeutic --- Experimentation, Nontherapeutic Human --- Free Will --- Self Determination --- Autonomy, Personal --- Analysis, Ethical --- Analyses, Ethical --- Ethical Analyses --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Ghost Surgery --- Operative Procedures --- Operative Surgical Procedure --- Operative Surgical Procedures --- Procedure, Operative Surgical --- Procedures, Operative Surgical --- Surgery, Ghost --- Surgical Procedure, Operative --- Operative Procedure --- Procedure, Operative --- Procedures, Operative --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Sciences --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Procedure, Urogenital Surgical --- Procedures, Urogenital Surgical --- Surgical Procedure, Urogenital --- Surgical Procedures, Urogenital --- Urogenital Surgical Procedure --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Human Information Processing --- Information Processing, Human --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Experimental Medicine --- Investigational Medicine --- Investigative Medicine --- Research, Biomedical --- Research, Medical --- Medical Research --- Medicine, Experimental --- Medicine, Investigational --- Medicine, Investigative --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- General Social Development and Population --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Person --- Informal Social Control --- Control, Informal Social --- Controls, Informal Social --- Informal Social Controls --- Social Controls, Informal --- Critical Thinking --- Thinking Skills --- Thinking Skill --- Thinking, Critical --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Physically Disabled --- Handicapped --- People with Disabilities --- Persons with Disabilities --- Physically Challenged --- Physically Handicapped --- Disabilities, People with --- Disabilities, Persons with --- Disability, Persons with --- Disabled Person --- Disabled, Physically --- Handicapped, Physically --- People with Disability --- Person, Disabled --- Persons with Disability --- Persons, Disabled --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Community Consent --- Third Party Consent --- Spousal Consent --- Community Consents --- Consent, Community --- Consent, Spousal --- Consent, Third Party --- Consent, Third-Party --- Consents, Community --- Population Control --- Ethical Theory --- Defamation --- Lawyers --- Public Policy --- Helsinki Declaration --- Bioethical Issues --- Ethics, Research --- Embryo Research --- Fetal Research --- Research Subjects --- Psychologic Processes --- Psychological Processes --- Phenomena, Psychological --- Processes, Psychologic --- Processes, Psychological --- Psychological Phenomenas --- Psychological Processe --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Guardian and ward --- Problem Solving --- Euthanasia --- Advance Directives --- Living Wills --- Treatment Refusal --- Disclosure --- Therapeutic Misconception --- Insanity Defense --- Comprehension --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Patient Advocacy --- Truth Disclosure --- Behavior Control --- Mandatory Programs --- Informed Consent By Minors --- Proxy --- Tissue and Organ Harvesting --- Beginning of Human Life --- Human Characteristics --- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic --- Self Concept --- Professional Autonomy --- Paternalism --- General Surgery --- Animals, Laboratory --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Power (Psychology) --- Social Conformity --- Thought --- Thoughts --- Censorship, Research --- Rehabilitation Research --- Bedridden Persons --- Immobilization --- Sports for Persons with Disabilities --- Health Services for Persons with Disabilities --- Freedom of Religion --- Religious Freedom --- Right to Movement --- Freedom, Religious --- Freedoms, Religious --- Movement, Right to --- Movements, Right to --- Religion Freedom --- Religion Freedoms --- Religious Freedoms --- Right to Movements --- to Movement, Right --- to Movements, Right --- Collective Human Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Linguistic --- Citizen Science --- Power, Psychological --- PHILOSOPHY/Ethics & Bioethics --- BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES/General