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Klimt, Kokoschka, Schiele, Moser : la révolution viennoise au Grand Palais
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Year: 2005 Publisher: Paris: Télérama,

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A première vue, rien n'unit les femmes longilignes nimbées d'ors de Gustav Klimt, les anatomies écorchées vives d'Egon Schiele, les figures enfouies dans la pâte terreuse d'Oskar Kokoschka, et les allégories mystiques de Koloman Moser. Aucun style commun en tout cas. Même la Sécession, le mouvement auquel ils appartiennent tous, fournit peu d'indices, car il accueille aussi bien les arabesques décoratives que la rigueur géométrique. Reste à invoquer une ville, Vienne, et une époque, le tournant du XIXe siècle. Tout en précisant que ces artistes appartiennent à deux générations différentes : les aînés, Klimt et Moser, précèdent de vingt ans Schiele et Kokoschka. Selon une habitude répandue, nous pourrions également être tentés de deviner chez eux une succession de ruptures. Mais Klimt n'est pas en guerre contre l'art académique : il commence par l'adopter, avant de la recycler. Et ses dessins expriment une forme de crudité que l'on trouvera plus tard chez Schiele. Quant à Moser, il est à la fois créateur de meubles aux lignes strictes et peintre de scènes figuratives symboliques. Certains, pourtant, établissent des liens entre ces quatre Viennois, décelant chez eux la simplification naissante des formes, l'abolition de la profondeur, autant de manières qui annoncent l'abstraction et une facette nouvelle de la modernité. Ils ne sont pas les seuls : vers 1900, Cézanne, Monet, Gauguin, Matisse, voire Maurice Denis sont engagés sur une voie sinon identique du moins parallèle. Et si cette nouveauté viennoise, qui nous correspond tant aujourd'hui, résidait justement dans l'éclectisme, dans ces créations hétéroclites dont l'addition ne forme pas un tout ? Et n'offre aucune vision cohérente du monde. Pour le philosophe Claudio Magris, Vienne, empire aux multiples nationalités, Babel de langues est le "lieu symbolique dans lequel meurt la totalité de la tradition et naît la dispersion contemporaine". La musique dodécaphonique de Schoenberg, l'œuvre chaotique de l'écrivain Musil ou les désillusions du romancier Josef Roth illustrent parfaitement ce phénomène. Cette impossibilité de donner un sens aux choses et aux événements se traduit aussi dans la sensualité exacerbée et parfois obscène des nus de Klimt ou de Schiele : un désir de jouir de l'instant, sans espoir de lendemain.


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The untied states of America : polarization, fracturing, and our future
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ISBN: 0307422445 Year: 2005 Publisher: New York : Crown,

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Virginia at war, 1861
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ISBN: 0813137624 1283232820 9786613232823 0813171717 9780813171715 9780813137629 9781283232821 6613232823 0813123720 9780813123721 Year: 2005 Publisher: Lexington : University Press of Kentucky,

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More Civil War battles were fought on Virginian soil than on that of any other Confederate state. No state suffered more from invasion and occupation than the Old Dominion, and none witnessed as much of the war. Virginia's story of the Civil War stands unique among the Confederate States. Virginia at War, 1861 looks at Virginia on the eve of secession, detailing the activities of the convention that finally took the state out of the Union and explaining how Richmond became the capital of the new Confederate nation. Chapters in the book examine Virginia's private state army and its little

A theory of secession : the case for political self-determination
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ISBN: 9780521849159 9780511499265 9781107407237 9780511349362 051134936X 128108543X 9781281085436 0521849152 1107407230 1107153247 9781107153240 9786611085438 6611085432 1139131192 9781139131193 0511350244 9780511350245 0511348398 9780511348396 0511347421 9780511347429 0511499264 Year: 2005 Publisher: Cambridge ; New York, N.Y. : Cambridge University Press,

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First published in 2005, A Theory of Secession: The Case for Political Self-Determination offers an unapologetic defense of the right to secede. Christopher Heath Wellman argues that any group has a moral right to secede as long as its political divorce will leave it and the remainder state in a position to perform the requisite political functions. He explains that there is nothing contradictory about valuing legitimate states, while permitting their division. Once political states are recognized as valuable because of the functions that they are uniquely suited to perform, it becomes apparent that the territorial boundaries of existing states might permissably be redrawn as long as neither the process, nor the result of this reconfiguration, interrupts the production of the crucial political benefits. Thus, if one values self-determination, then one has good reason to conclude that people have a right to determine their political boundaries.

Klimt, Schiele, Moser, Kokoschka : Vienna 1900 : Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, 3 october 2005 - 23 january 2006

An American lens : scenes from Alfred Stieglitz's New York Secession
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ISBN: 0262025809 Year: 2005 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press,

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The Balkans in the new millennium : in the shadow of war and peace
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ISBN: 1134273045 1280171162 0203023617 9780203023617 9780415349406 0415349400 9786610171163 6610171165 9781134273041 9781134272990 1134272995 9781134273034 1134273037 9780415460019 0415460018 9781280171161 Year: 2005 Publisher: London ; New York : Routledge,

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Can the Balkans ever become a peaceful peninsula like that of Scandinavia? With enlightened backing, can it ever make common cause with the rest of Europe rather than being an arena of periodic conflicts, political misrule, and economic misery?In the last years of the twentieth century, Western states watched with alarm as a wave of conflicts swept over much of the Balkans. Ethno-nationalist disputes, often stoked by unprincipled leaders, plunged Yugoslavia into bloody warfare. Romania, Bulgaria and Albania struggled to find stability as they reeled from the collapse of the communist

From ethnic conflict to stillborn reform : the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia
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ISBN: 1299052711 1603445935 9781603445931 1585443964 9781585443963 9781299052710 Year: 2005 Publisher: College Station, TX : Texas A&M University Press,

The witnesses : war crimes and the promise of justice in The Hague.
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ISBN: 0812219945 9780812219944 9786613212108 1283212102 081220378X Year: 2005 Publisher: Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press

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In recent years, the world community has demonstrated a renewed commitment to the pursuit of international criminal justice. In 1993, the United Nations established two ad hoc international tribunals to try those responsible for genocide and crimes against humanity in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Ten years later, the International Criminal Court began its operations and is developing prosecutions in its first two cases (Congo and Uganda). Meanwhile, national and hybrid war crimes tribunals have been established in Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, East Timor, Indonesia, Iraq, and Cambodia.Thousands of people have given testimony before these courts. Most have witnessed war crimes, including mass killings, torture, rape, inhumane imprisonment, forced expulsion, and the destruction of homes and villages. For many, testifying in a war crimes trial requires great courage, especially as they are well aware that war criminals still walk the streets of their villages and towns. Yet despite these risks, little attention has been paid to the fate of witnesses of mass atrocity. Nor do we know much about their experiences testifying before an international tribunal or the effect of such testimony on their return to their postwar communities. The first study of victims and witnesses who have testified before an international war crimes tribunal, The Witnesses examines the opinions and attitudes of eighty-seven individuals-Bosnians, Muslims, Serbs, and Croats-who have appeared before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.


Book
Tax Systems Under Fiscal Adjustment : A Dynamic CGE Analysis of the Brazilian Tax Reform
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1462314511 145275621X 1282447858 1451906978 9786613821058 Year: 2005 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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This paper uses a dynamic computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyze the macroeconomic and redistributive effects of replacing turnover and financial transaction taxes in Brazil by a consumption tax. In order to approximate Brazil's compliance with its fiscal adjustment targets, the proposed reform is subject to a non increasing path for the level of public debt. Despite an increase in the average consumption tax rate in the first years after the reform, a majority of individuals experienced an increase in their lifetime welfare. This result rejects the hypothesis that the on-going fiscal adjustment effort carried on by the Brazilian government was an obstacle to the implementation of a more efficient tax system.

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