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Couleur --- Optique

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This book provides an elementary introduction to the subject of quantum optics, the study of the quantum mechanical nature of light and its interaction with matter. The presentation is almost entirely concerned with the quantized electromagnetic field. Topics covered include single-mode field quantization in a cavity, quantization of multimode fields, quantum phase, coherent states, quasi-probability distribution in phase space, atom-field interactions, the Jaynes-Cummings model, quantum coherence theory, beam splitters and interferometers, dissipative interactions, nonclassical field states with squeezing etc., 'Schrödinger cat' states, tests of local realism with entangled photons from down-conversion, experimental realizations of cavity quantum electrodynamics, trapped ions, decoherence, and some applications to quantum information processing, particularly quantum cryptography. The book contains many homework problems and an extensive bibliography. This text is designed for upper-level undergraduates taking courses in quantum optics who have already taken a course in quantum mechanics, and for first and second year graduate students.

Quantum optics --- Optique quantique --- Quantum optics. --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Optics. Quantum optics --- Physics

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Astrophysics is facing challenging aims such as deep cosmology at redshift higher than 10 to constrain cosmology models, or the detection of exoplanets, and possibly terrestrial exoplanets, and several others. It requires unprecedented ambitious R&D programs, which have definitely to rely on a tight cooperation between astrophysics and optics communities. The book addresses most of the most critical interdisciplinary domains where they interact, or where they will do. A first need is to collect more light, i.e. telescopes still larger than the current 8-10 meter class ones. Decametric, and even hectometric, optical (from UV to IR wavelengths) telescopes are being studied. Whereas up to now the light collecting surface of new telescopes was approximately 4 times that of the previous generation, now this factor is growing to 10 to 100. This quantum leap urges to implement new methods or technologies developed in the optics community, both in academic labs and in the industry. Given the astrophysical goals and technological constraints, new generation adaptive optics with a huge number of actuators and laser guide stars devices have to be developed, from theoretical bases to experimental works. Two other newcomers in observational astrophysics are interferometric arrays of optical telescopes and gravitational wave detectors. Up-to-date reviews of detectors and of spectrographs are given, as well as forefront R&D in the field of optical coatings and of guided optics. Possible new ways to handle photons are also addressed, based on quantum physics. More and more signal processing algorithms are a part and parcel of any modern instrumentation. Thus finally the book gives two reviews about wavefront processing and about image restoration and deconvolution algorithms for ill conditioned cases.

Space optics --- Astrophysics --- Space interferometry --- Telescopes --- Optics, Adaptive --- Optique spatiale --- Astrophysique --- Interférométrie stellaire optique --- Télescopes --- Optique adaptative --- Congresses. --- Observations --- Design and construction --- Congrès --- Conception et construction --- Astrophysics. --- Optics, Adaptive. --- Space interferometry. --- Space optics. --- Telescopes. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Interférométrie stellaire optique --- Télescopes --- Congrès --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVPHYSI SPRINGER-B --- Astronomical physics --- Physics. --- Image processing. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Congresses --- Optics [Adaptive ] --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics

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"Miroir noir ! Bel oxymoron..." Ainsi débute cette remarquable contribution à l'histoire de la culture visuelle occidentale. Dans cette première étude " panoramique " d'un instrument d'optique injustement oublié, Arnaud Maillet recadre notre compréhension historique de l'expérience visuelle et les diverses significations possibles du miroir noir en mettant cet objet ambigu en relation avec les notions de transparence, d'opacité et d'imagination. Si ce petit instrument d'optique, longtemps confondu avec d'autres, connut une popularité avérée à la fin du XVIIIe siècle dans l'Europe des amateurs de pittoresque, il fut rejeté au XIXe siècle puis totalement oublié (ou presque) de nos jours. Objet scientifique pour les savants, magique pour les occultistes, cultuel pour certaines civilisations, objet de recherches esthétiques pour les peintres et expérimentales pour les artistes contemporains, ce miroir est également indissociable du désir, de la mélancolie et de la mort. Il s'agit alors de comprendre que ces divers aspects du miroir noir bien souvent ne s'opposent pas, mais constituent plutôt l'unité homogène, cohérente et fondamentale de tout un pan de notre culture s'articulant autour de l'équation clair/obscur. De Claude Lorrain à Christian Boltanski en passant par Alberti, de Piles, Gilpin, Coleridge, Ruskin, Matisse ou Richter, Le miroir noir nous emmène de ses origines magiques et occultes jusque ses avatars actuels à travers une série de pratiques picturales et technologiques telles que la photographie, le cinéma et l'art contemporain. Traverser ce miroir sans craindre de s'abîmer dans le côté obscur nous confronte à une évidence : c'est dans l'aveuglement que se constitue le regard.

Mirrors in art --- Aesthetics --- Optical instruments --- Optical illusions --- Witchcraft --- Miroirs dans l'art --- Esthétique --- Optique --- Illusions d'optique --- Sorcellerie --- Instruments --- Clair-obscur --- Effet-miroir --- Technique de représentation --- Richter, Gerhard --- Esthétique --- Effet miroir --- Art, Modern --- Visual perception --- CDL --- 7.01 --- Optics, Psychological --- Vision --- Perception --- Visual discrimination --- Modern art --- Nieuwe Ploeg (Group of artists) --- Themes, motives --- Psychological aspects

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Science --- Sciences --- History --- Histoire --- Astronomie --- Histoire des sciences et des techniques --- Manuscrit --- Mathématique --- Mécanique --- Médecine --- Optique --- Philosophie --- History. --- Asie --- Espagne --- Maghreb --- Mathématiques --- Science - Arab countries - History --- Astronomie arabe --- Mathématiques arabes --- Médecine arabe --- Pharmacopée arabe --- Sciences arabes