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Latin America is a very important region of the globe, which has been buffeted by successive waves of economic instability within the last decades. These waves have caused several episodes of hyperinflation or near hyperinflation, and several currency and financial crises, which, in certain moments, have even spilled over and affected other emerging markets. This has resulted in huge costs in terms of lost potential growth, and, as is inevitable, the markets most affected by this have been the least capable of defending themselves. In a region plagued by still considerable rates of social exclusion, with some of the highest rates of income concentration in the whole globe, the human costs of these crises have been very substantial. Starting in the early 1990s, the slow implementation of reforms, plus the resumption of more sustained growth—to a substantial degree linked to the increase in commodity prices, especially since the early 2000s—seems to have resulted in a more stable situation. Initially, in early reformers like Chile, later in the larger economies of the region, like Brazil and Mexico, a consensus— embraced by both sides of the political spectrum—towards integration in global markets, both in their trade and financial components, floating exchange rates, independent monetary authorities, and sustainable fiscal policies has emerged.

Monetary policy --- Economic stabilization --- Macroeconomics. --- International economics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- International Economics. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Economics

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Ce manuel donne des indications sur la façon de mesurer et d’interpréter les mesures de l’intensité et l’ampleur de la mondialisation. Il définit les concepts et propose des lignes directrices pour le recueil des données et la mise au point d’indicateurs de la mondialisation. Il traite en particulier des indicateurs se rapportant à l’investissement direct étranger, aux activités économiques des entreprises multinationales, à l’internationalisation de la technologie et à la mondialisation des échanges.

Economic history -- 21st century. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- International economic relations -- 21st century. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- International economic relations --- Economic history --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- OECD countries --- Economic conditions.

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International economic relations. --- Post-communism --- Russia (Federation) --- Foreign economic relations. --- Politics and government --- International economic relations --- #SBIB:328H262 --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Instellingen en beleid: Rusland en het GOS

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This book studies the international coordination of monetary and fiscal policies in the world economy. It carefully discusses the process of policy competition and the structure of policy cooperation. As to policy competition, the focus is on monetary and fiscal competition between Europe and America. Similarly, as to policy cooperation, the focus is on monetary and fiscal cooperation between Europe and America. The spillover effects of monetary policy are negative while the spillover effects of fiscal policy are positive. The policy targets are price stability and full employment. The policy makers follow either cold-turkey or gradualist strategies. Policy expectations are adaptive or rational. The world economy consists of two, three or more regions. The present book is part of a larger research project on European Monetary Union, see the references at the back of the book. Some parts of this project were presented at the World Congress of the International Economic Association in Lisbon. Other parts were presented at the International Institute of Public Finance, at the Macro Study Group of the German Economic Association, at the Annual Meeting of the Austrian Economic Association, at the Gottingen Workshop on International Economics, at the Halle Workshop on Monetary Economics, at the Research Seminar on Macroeconomics in Freiburg, and at the Passau Workshop on International Economics.

International economic relations. --- Monetary policy. --- Fiscal policy. --- Monetary unions. --- Europe --- United States --- Foreign economic relations --- Common currencies --- Currency areas --- Currency unions --- Optimum currency areas --- Currency question --- Money --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Government policy --- International economics. --- Macroeconomics. --- International Economics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Economics

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Economic development -- OECD countries. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- International economic relations. --- OECD countries -- Economic policy. --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Economic development --- OECD countries --- Economic policy. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse