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The aim of the questionnaire study was to investigate what kind of changes a large renovation of the primaryschool Huutoniemen ala-aste had for the subjective experience of the environment as well as complaints and symptoms of the pupils. The reference school was the primary school Palosaaren ala-aste in which a major renovation was made earlier. The opinions of the pupils and other information were collected with a standardized and verified questionnaire produced byClinic of Occupational Medicine in the City ofÖrebro, Sweden. The questionnaire was sent to over 470 pupils in both schools before and after the renovation at the same time of the year in 1997 and 2000. Technical measurements of CO2, relative humidity and temperature in the indoor air were made before and after the renovation and at the same time of the year in 6-8 classrooms/school. The answers of the pupils in Huutoniemen ala-aste from the time before the renovation 1997 were compared to the answers after the renovation in 2000. In a similar way answers of the pupils in Huutoniemen ala-aste were compared to the answers from the reference school in 1997. The results were tested by the SPSS with Chi Square test for independence (p<0,05 or p<0,01). The subjective evaluation of the pupils of the environment as air quality, rooms, temperature, cleaning, lighting and noise were significantly worse in the object school than inthe reference school but became significantly better after the renovation. The prevalence of hay fever and long periods of cough duringthe previous yearwere significantly higher in the object school than in the reference school but were reduced significantly in the object school after the renovation. The prevalence of the present symptoms with headache and eye irritation was higher in the object school than in the reference school but was reduced in the object school significantlyafter the renovation. The subjective view whether the school was the cause of the present symptoms as tiredness, head-ache, eye irritation, symptoms of the nose, cough and the skin of the face and itch/tickle on the hair scalp/ears and symptomsof the skin of the hands were higher in the object school than in the reference school but were reduced significantly after the renovation. The medium level of the CO2 decreased dramatically in the object school during the lectures froma level of about 2220 ppm to about 870 ppmafter the renovation and was approximately at the same level as in the reference school. The renovation of the primary school Huutoniemen ala-aste gave a much better environment in the school for the pupils and teachers. Syftet med enkätstudien var att undersöka hur en omfattande renovering av en lågstadieskola Huutoniemen ala-aste ändrade elevernas subjektiva upplevelse av skolmiljön samt elevernas besvär och symptom. Som jämförelse undersöktes även en referensskola Palosaaren ala-aste som redan tidigare hade genomgått en omfattande renovering. Synpunkter och annan information insamlades med en standardiserad och prövad enkät utarbetad av Yrkesmedicinska kliniken i Örebro, Sverige. Enkäten delades ut till samtliga ca 470 elever i skolorna före och efter renoveringen och vid samma tidpunkt av åren 1997 och 2000. Tekniska mätningar av inomhusluftens CO2, relativa fuktighet och temperatur gjordes före och efter renoveringen och på samma tid av året i 6-8 klassrum/skola. Elevernas svar (Huutoniemen ala-aste) från tiden före renoveringen 1997 jämfördes med motsvarande svar efter renoveringen 2000. På samma sätt jämfördes elevernas svar i Huutoniemen ala-aste och elevernas svar från referensskolan år 1997. Resultatet testades med SPSS med Chi Square test av beroende (p<0,05 eller p<0,01). Elevernas subjektiva bedömning av skolmiljön i formav luftkvalitet, utrymmen, temperatur städning, belysning och bullerförhållanden var sämre i objektskolan än i referensskolan men blev signifikant bättre efter renoveringen. Prevalensen av elevernas hösnuva och långdragna hostperioder var högre i objektskolan än i referensskolan men minskade signifikant efter renoveringen. Prevalensen av elevernas nuvarande symtom av huvudvärk samt besvär av ögonen var högre i objektskolan än i referensskolan men minskade signifikant i objektskolan efter renoveringen.Elevernas subjektiva bedömning av skolan somorsak till nuvarande symtom: trötthet, huvudvärk, besvär av ögonen eller näsa, hosta, besvär av hud i ansiktet, fjällning/klåda i hårbotten/öron samt torr/kliande rodnad hud på händerna var högre i objektskolan än i referensskolan men minskade signifikant efter renoveringen. Medelvärdet av CO2 minskade i den renoverade skolan drastiskt under lektioner från en nivå 2220ppm till 870 ppm och var efter renoveringen på en ungefär samma nivå som i referensskolan. Renoveringen av Huutoniemen ala-aste har givit mycket bättre skolmiljö för elever och lärare.
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Indoor air pollution --- Air --- Research --- Pollution
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Indoor air pollution --- Air --- Research --- Pollution --- Research
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Stoves, Wood --- Indoor air pollution. --- Design and construction.
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Stoves, Wood --- Indoor air pollution. --- Design and construction.
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Buildings --- Indoor air pollution --- Sick building syndrome --- Building sickness --- Tight building syndrome --- Environmentally induced diseases --- Syndromes --- Edifices --- Halls --- Structures --- Architecture --- Health aspects --- Environmental engineering --- Prevention --- Built environment
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Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Air pollution. Air purification --- Fuels --- Guatemala --- Indoor air pollution --- Environmental health --- Stoves --- Stoves, Wood --- Fuel --- Health aspects --- Power resources --- Wood-burning stoves --- Wood stoves --- Biomass stoves --- Ovens --- Cooking --- Space heaters --- Heating --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Public health --- Environmental engineering --- Health risk assessment --- Air --- Sick building syndrome --- Equipment and supplies --- Environmental aspects --- Pollution, Indoor --- Pollution
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The issue of aircraft air quality is attracting considerable attention of late, as access to public air travel has expanded exponentially. Aircrew and passengers are increasingly concerned about operating and service decisions that could affect their health, comfort, and safety. The editor of this volume invited a wide range of experts to provide an in-depth treatment of virtually all aspects of aircraft cabin air quality. The topics are covered at a level comprehensible to all who fly as well as being of sufficient depth to be informative to decision makers concerned with purchase, design, operation, and servicing of passenger aircraft. Topics are grouped under: Control of Aircraft Cabin Air Quality; Possible Effects of Low Humidity, Decreased Outside Air Flows; and Effects of Some Aircraft Malfunctions on Cabin Air Quality. The volume concludes with Air Quality Systems for Related Enclosed Spaces, in which chapters cover air quality in buildings, ships, submarines, and spacecraft, which provide novel approaches potentially applicable to aircraft.
Airplanes --- Air quality. --- Avions --- Air --- Air conditioning. --- Climatisation --- Qualité --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental management. --- Environmental protection. --- Environmental pollution. --- Environment. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Automotive and Aerospace Engineering, Traffic. --- Environmental Management. --- Terrestrial Pollution. --- Air quality --- Transportation --- Travel --- Air Pollution, Indoor --- Aircraft --- Air Pollution --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Human Activities --- Aviation --- Environmental Pollution --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Public Health --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care --- Aeronautics Engineering & Astronautics --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Air conditioning --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Pollution, Environmental --- Soil Pollution --- Pollution, Soil --- Air Traffic Control --- Parachuting --- Control, Air Traffic --- Traffic Control, Air --- Activities, Human --- Activity, Human --- Human Activity --- Air Pollutions --- Pollution, Air --- Pollutions, Air --- Ejection Seats --- Helicopters --- Airplane --- Ejection Seat --- Helicopter --- Seat, Ejection --- Seats, Ejection --- Air Quality, Indoor --- Indoor Air Pollution --- Indoor Air Quality --- Pollution, Indoor Air --- Travels --- Commuting --- Quality of air --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental science --- Quality --- Environmental aspects --- Automotive engineering. --- Air pollution. --- Automotive Engineering. --- Engineering. --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Applied ecology --- Environmental policy --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control
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