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In a time when an unquestionable link between anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and climatic changes has finally been acknowledged and * widely documented through IPCC reports, the need for precise estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates and emissions from natural as well as managed ecosystems has risen to a critical level. Future agreements between nations concerning the reduction of their GHG emissions will - pend upon precise estimates of the present level of these emissions in both natural and managed terrestrial and aquatic environments. From this viewpoint, the present volume should prove to a benchmark contribution because it provides very carefully assessed values for GHG emissions or exchanges between critical climatic zones in aquatic en- ronments and the atmosphere. It also provides unique information on the biases of different measurement methods that may account for some of the contradictory results that have been published recently in the literature on this subject. Not only has a large array of current measurement methods been tested concurrently here, but a few new approaches have also been developed, notably laser measurements of atmospheric CO concentration 2 gradients. Another highly useful feature of this book is the addition of - nitoring and process studies as well as modeling.
Greenhouse gases --- Air --- Environmental aspects. --- Pollution. --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Pollution --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control
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The past twenty-five years have witnessed a growing worldwide drive to restore the quality of our environment and to protect it from the degrading effects of air, noise, solid waste, and water pollution. In Advanced Air and Noise Pollution Control: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 2, leading pollution control educators and practicing professionals describe how various combinations of different cutting-edge process systems can be arranged to solve air, noise, and thermal pollution problems. Each chapter discusses in detail a variety of process combinations, along with technical and economic evaluations, and presents explanations of the principles behind the designs, as well as numerous variant designs useful to practicing engineers. The emphasis throughout is on developing the necessary engineering solutions from fundamental principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. The authors also include extensive references, cost data, design methods, guidance on the installation and operation of various air pollution control process equipment and systems, and Best Available Technologies (BAT) for air, thermal, and noise pollution control. A companion volume, Air Pollution Control Engineering: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 1 critically surveys the principles and practices involved in basic air pollution control processes. Cutting-edge and highly practical, Advanced Air and Noise Pollution Control: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 2 offers educators, students, and practicing engineers a strong grounding in the principles of this critical field, as well as effective methods for developing optimal abatement technologies at costs that are fully justified by the degree of abatement achieved.
Air --- Air quality management. --- Noise pollution. --- Noise control. --- Pollution. --- Noise prevention --- Acoustical engineering --- Environmental engineering --- Noise --- Pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air quality --- Control of air pollution --- Environmental protection --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control --- Management
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This title was written to contribute to the improvement of knowledge of sanitary risks connected to the dispersion of metals through airborne transmission as well as the risk of contamination of landing sites.
Air --- Metals --- Pollution. --- Waste disposal. --- Metallic elements --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Pollution --- Control --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition
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The interactions between environmental change and human societies have a long, complex history spanning many millennia, but these have changed fundamentally in the last century. Human activities are now so pervasive and profound that they are altering the Earth in ways which threaten the very life support system upon which humans depend. This book describes what is known about the Earth System and the impact of changes caused by humans. It considers the consequences of these changes with respect to the stability of the Earth System and the well-being of humankind; as well as exploring future paths towards Earth System science in support of global sustainability.
Climate change. --- Geobiology. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Air pollution. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Climate Change. --- Biogeosciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Biology --- Biosphere --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Global environmental change --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Control --- Environmental aspects --- Global environmental change. --- Nature --- Human ecology. --- Effect of human beings on.
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Mercury pollution in different regions of the world is a growing concern from an environmental and epidemiological point of view. The increasing trends of energy production from fossil fuel combustion, mercury usage in a large variety of goods and products, and the lack of emission control policy, especially in fast developing countries, represent a major environmental and political issue for national and international organisations and governments as well. In the last decade, there has been a significant effort to improve our knowledge on different aspects involved in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury in the environment and its impact on human health. Special attention has been devoted to fill the gaps in our knowledge on physical and chemical processes involved in the transfer of mercury compounds released to the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources to terrestrial and aquatic receptors. Significant progress was made on assessing the spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric mercury and its depositional fluxes. Dynamics of Mercury Pollution on Regional and Global Scales: Atmospheric Processes and Human Exposures Around the World provides a detailed overview of our current understanding of different dynamic patterns involved in the redistribution of mercury in the global environment, and its impact on human health and ecosystems.
Mercury --- Environmental policy. --- Environmental aspects. --- Health aspects. --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Hydrargyrum --- Quicksilver --- Liquid metals --- Government policy --- Pollution. --- Environmental protection. --- Environmental management. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Pollution, general. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Environmental Management. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental aspects --- Minamata disease --- Air pollution. --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control --- Health aspects
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Since the Industrial Revolution the chemical composition of the atmosphere has changed at a rate unprecedented in recent history. Ozone depletion emerged as one of the most important environmental issues of the 20th century as evidence grew for substantial human influences on the atmospheric ozone abundances over much of the globe. The science of the ozone layer and its interactions with halogenated chemical compounds are the primary subjects of this book. The volume provides a comprehensive view of the chemical, dynamical, and radiative processes that affect ozone and other chemicals in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Over recent decades our understanding of these processes has increased dramatically. The discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole has shown that human activities can lead to major changes in our environment. From a review of a previous edition - "[…] an interesting and well-written overview of the current status of our knowledge of the composition of the middle atmosphere and the basic radiative, dynamical and photochemical processes which maintain it." (Bulletin American Meteorological Society).
Stratosphere. --- Mesosphere. --- Middle atmosphere. --- Atmosphere --- Chemosphere --- Stratopause --- Environmental protection. --- Physical geography. --- Environmental sciences. --- Geography. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Environmental Physics. --- Environment, general. --- Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Environmental science --- Science --- Geography --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Air pollution. --- Environment. --- Radiation protection. --- Radiation—Safety measures. --- Earth sciences. --- Geosciences --- Physical sciences --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiation protection --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Pollution --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Atmospheric sciences --- Control --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Mesosphere --- Stratosphere
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Climate and economies have interdependent dynamics. Even though the pace of climate change is probably much slower than the speed of adjustment of the world economies, the global climate change impact of economic development and growth has to be controlled and taken into account in the policy assessment process. Integrated assessment models are now trying to capture the different feedbacks that link the climate system and the development of human societies. This book reviews the different approaches used to model these dynamic interactions between climate and economies and proposes new avenues of research in this domain. In fourteen chapters this book deals with various aspects of the building of integrated assessment models, either by coupling economic growth and climate change modules, or using mathematical models of viability or dynamic game theory to represent the interactions between the world regions concerned. It also focuses on more specific economic equilibrium models that can be used to assess international climate policies and it addresses the modelling of impacts of climate change in Switzerland as a test region. This book is the result of several years of joint research in an interdisciplinary project on the human dimension of climate change. It proposes innovative ways to include climate simulation modules in optimal economic growth models; it explores the possible use of computable general economic equilibrium models coupled with paradigms of game theory to assess the dividends of cooperation in climate policies; it reports on the building of multi-region dynamic energy-technology-environment models to assess the possible response of the world energy system to a global cap on GHG emissions, and it shows how to model the impacts of climate change at a regional level. This book is meant to serve as a reference work for researchers and graduate students who engage in interdisciplinary studies at the boundary between Earth and Social sciences.
Environmental policy --- Climatic changes --- Economic aspects. --- Pollution. --- Climatic changes. --- Environmental protection. --- Physical geography. --- Pollution, general. --- Climate Change. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Environmental Physics. --- Geography --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental aspects --- Climate change. --- Environmental sciences. --- Air pollution. --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Environmental science --- Science --- Control --- Global environmental change
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This work derives strategies for developing useful EU policies aimed at the control of air pollutants in Europe, especially ground-level ozone. The author starts with the air-pollution status quo in the late 1990s, placing further impacts of photooxidant concentrations into perspective. Emission sources are then analysed in detail, and a likely scenario for a business-as-usual development in emissions is proposed. From the cost-benefit perspective, it is shown that a holistic, integrated evaluation of all air pollutants and their effects results in a full accounting that reflects synergies and hidden benefits. The modelling scheme identifies emission targets needed to achieve compliance with EU thresholds, and calculations reveal the need to review established ozone thresholds and emission limits, even after discounting the positive effects of including central and eastern European nations.
Air quality management --- Air --- Atmospheric ozone --- Zoning, Emission density. --- Economic aspects. --- Pollution --- Environmental aspects. --- Emission density zoning --- Zoning --- Atmospheric chemistry --- Ozone --- Air pollution control --- Air quality --- Control of air pollution --- Environmental protection --- Ozone content --- Control --- Management --- Environmental protection. --- Economic policy. --- Astrophysics. --- Environmental economics. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Economic Policy. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Environmental Economics. --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Air pollution. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Space sciences. --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Contaminants, Air --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Atmospheric deposition
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Il volume approfondisce il complesso tema dei rapporti tra vegetazione e inquinanti dell’aria, affrontandone in modo capillare e ben documentato sia gli aspetti scientifici sia le implicazioni storico-culturali. Dopo una rassegna delle sorgenti di inquinanti, vengono analizzate le risposte di tipo fisiologico, metabolico, ecologico ed economico delle piante agrarie e forestali ai principali inquinanti gassosi e particellari, tra i quali l’ozono è di gran lunga il problema numero uno a livello mondiale. Ugualmente trattati sono i meccanismi di veicolamento da parte delle piante di elementi potenzialmente tossici (per esempio, metalli pesanti e radionuclidi) nella catena alimentare e anche le possibili conseguenze sugli animali e sulla salute umana. La ricca iconografia a colori, l’approccio didattico, gli aggiornamenti normativi nazionali e comunitari, così come la dettagliata trattazione di tematiche quali la fitotossicologia, l’ecologia, la patologia vegetale, il biomonitoraggio, l'educazione ambientale e la valutazione di impatto ambientale, rendono il testo un sussidio indispensabile per i laureandi e gli specializzandi nelle Facoltà di Agraria e di Scienze Biologiche, Ambientali e Naturali, per i tecnici e per tutti i professionisti e gli operatori che necessitano di una conoscenza completa dell’argomento.
Plants --- Environmental protection. --- Effect of air pollution on. --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Plants, Effect of air pollution on --- Air --- Pollution --- Physiological effect --- Effect of pollution on --- Ecology. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Nature Conservation. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Ecology --- Conservation --- Air pollution. --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Nature conservation. --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control
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Biotechnology offers one of the most economical and environmentally benign methods of air pollution control for industrial and municipal airstreams. Volatile organic and inorganic odorous compounds from various industries are emitted in large quantities and create hazards to the ecosystem and health effects to humans. Thus, the demand for odor and air pollution control systems that provide nuisance-free, breathable air is constantly growing. An international board of authors from universities, research institutes, and industries describe various biotechnological methods ranging from laboratory, to pilot evaluation and to full-scale process implementation. Topics include bioprocesses for the treatment of odors and air pollutants in wastewater treatment plants, rendering plants, chemical production facilities, and food and flavor manufacturing facilities. In addition to the basic microbiological and engineering aspects, the design, modeling and control of bioreactors are also presented.
Air pollution. Air purification --- microbiologie --- Biochemical engineering --- General microbiology --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- biotechnologie --- biochemie --- bio-engineering --- Biotechnology --- Nature protection --- Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- luchtverontreiniging --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- toegepaste microbiologie --- Biotechnology. --- Biochemical engineering. --- Environmental protection. --- Microbiology. --- Industrial engineering. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Industrial and Production Engineering. --- Management engineering --- Simplification in industry --- Engineering --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Air pollution. --- Production engineering. --- Manufacturing engineering --- Process engineering --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanical engineering --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Pollution --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control --- Bioremediation. --- Odor control. --- Air quality management.
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