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Tausende von Gütern werden täglich für Milliarden von Menschen produziert und von diesen fur Konsum- oder Investitionszwecke verwendet; in vielen Ländern funktioniert das Wirtschafts- und Politiksystem zufriedenstellend, da die Bedii- nisse der Menschen weitgehend erfüllt werden. Wie kommt es, dass es in den meisten OECD-Ländern und in einigen Schwellenländern eine erfolgreiche wi- schaftliche Entwicklung gibt, in einigen Ländern jedoch nicht? Was müsste getan werden, um bestehende Probleme zu lösen bzw. welche Ursachen sind hier re- vant? Welche Marktmechanismen helfen quasi automatisch, Knappheit zu m- dern bzw. den Wohlstand zuverlässig zu erhöhen. Welche Rolle hat der Staat in einer Marktwirtschaft - in Normalzeiten und in Krisenzeiten? Diese Fragen sind ein relevanter Hintergrund dieses Lehrbuchs. Bei Konsum und Investition entsteht in der Regel auch eine Umweltbelastung, zu deren Minimierung wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Untersuchungen beitragen können. In der volkswirtschaftlichen Analyse wird das Spannungsverhältnis z- schen begrenzten Ressourcen und unbegrenzten bzw. wachsenden weltweiten - dürfnissen untersucht: Wie kann Knappheit bestmöglich überwunden werden? Welche Rolle kommt dem Zusammenspiel von Angebot und Nachfrage auf e- zelnen Märkten zu, wenn es um eine effiziente Bedürfnisbefriedigung geht? - durch kann Instabilität auf Einzelmärkten entstehen? Neben diesen und anderen mehr mikroökonomischen Problemen geht es in dem vorliegenden Buch auch um gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklungen und Fragen: Kann man Rezessionen und Arbeitslosigkeit sowie Inflation erfolgreich vermeiden bzw. kann der Staat diese Probleme bekämpfen? Welche Instabilitäten sind gesamtwirtschaftlich zu v- zeichnen - wieso gibt es etwa zeitweise instabile Finanzmärkte und wie wirkt z. B.

Macroeconomics. --- Economic policy. --- International economics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- International Economics. --- International economic relations.

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Structural change, economic growth and adequate exchange rate adjustment are key challenges in the context of EU eastern enlargement as are consistent macroeconomic policies. The authors focus on sectoral adjustment across industries in catching-up countries and explain changes in the composition of output – this includes new aspects of the Chenery model. They describe and analyze the spatial pattern of specialization and adjustment in many countries. Theoretical and empirical analysis of foreign direct investment, innovation and structural change shed new light on economic dynamics in Old Europe and New Europe. As regards exchange rate dynamics both traditional aspects (such as the Balassa-Samuelson effect) and new approaches to understanding exchange rate developments are presented. Links between exchange rate changes and innovation are particularly emphasized.

Foreign exchange --- Monetary policy --- European Union --- European Union countries --- Economic integration. --- E.U. --- Economic policy. --- Macroeconomics. --- European Economic Community lite. --- Economic Policy. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- European Integration. --- Economics --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- 332.494 --- 331.32 --- 333.450 --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- Structuur van de economie --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit --- European Economic Community literature.

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Edward M. Graham, Nina Oding and Paul J. J. Welfens Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have achieved sustained economic growth in first half of the new decade in the 2V^ century. EU ac­ cession countries which have joined the EU have benefited mainly from high capital inflows, a reduced risk premium - with shadow effects of this already occurring in the years before explicit membership - and growing trade. While system transformation has undermined trade between Eastern Europe and Russia for several years there are medium prospects for grow­ing trade in the whole of Europe. Russia's case, however, is different from the EU accession countries as a major driving force of economic dynamics is the oil and gas sector which has considerable backward and forward linkages. At the same time this sector apparently is politically quite sensi­tive. The Transatlantic Transformation and Economic Development Re­ search Group has organized several workshops within a major interna­tional research project. The project is devoted to analyzing the internatio­nalization of the Russian economy and the associated changes in major policy fields. This book contains the revised analytical papers from the St. Petersburg conference in 2003 when the city celebrated its 300 year anniversary. We are very grateful to the Leontief Center for excellent organization of the conference. The paper by Paul J. J.

Economic policy. --- Former Soviet republics --- Economic conditions. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- CIS countries --- Commonwealth of Independent States countries --- Ex-Soviet republics --- Ex-Soviet states --- Former Soviet states --- New Independent States (Former Soviet republics) --- Newly Independent States (Former Soviet republics) --- NIS (Former Soviet republics) --- Economics. --- International economics. --- Political Economy/Economic Systems. --- International Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man

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Economic order --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Foreign trade. International trade --- economische politiek --- economische systemen --- wereldeconomie --- internationale economie