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Reduction of maternal mortality is one of the major goals of several recent international conferences and has been included in the Millennium Development Goals. However, measuring maternal mortality is difficult and complex. Reliable estimates of the dimensions of the problem are not generally available and it is difficult to compare the data obtained from different sources and to assess the overall magnitude of the problem. In response to these challenges, WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA have developed an approach that seeks both to generate estimates for countries with no data and to correct available

Modellen [Statistische ] --- Models [Statistical ] --- Modèles statistiques --- Statistical models --- Mothers --- Pregnant women --- Childbirth. --- Birth --- Birthing --- Child birth --- Live birth --- Obstetrics --- Parturition --- Labor (Obstetrics) --- Expectant mothers --- Gravida --- Pregnancy --- Women --- Moms --- Parents --- Housewives --- Motherhood --- Maternal mortality --- Mortality. --- Mortality --- Complications

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From local trial courts to the United States Supreme Court, judges' decisions affect the fates of individual litigants and the fate of the nation as a whole. Scholars have long discussed and debated explanations of judicial behavior. This book examines the major issues in the debates over how best to understand judicial behavior and assesses what we actually know about how judges decide cases. It concludes that we are far from understanding why judges choose the positions they take in court. Lawrence Baum considers three issues in examining judicial behavior. First, the author considers the balance between the judges' interest in the outcome of particular cases and their interest in other goals such as personal popularity and lighter workloads. Second, Baum considers the relative importance of good law and good policy as bases for judges' choices. Finally Baum looks at the extent to which judges act strategically, choosing their own positions after taking into account the positions that their fellow judges and other policy makers might adopt. Baum argues that the evidence on each of these issues is inconclusive and that there remains considerable room for debate about the sources of judges' decisions. Baum concludes that this lack of resolution is not the result of weaknesses in the scholarship but from the difficulty in explaining human behavior. He makes a plea for diversity in research. This book will be of interest to political scientists and scholars in law and courts as well as attorneys who are interested in understanding judges as decision makers and who want to understand what we can learn from scholarly research about judicial behavior. Lawrence Baum is Professor of Political Science, Ohio State University.

#SBIB:39A9 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:39A11 --- Medische antropologie / gezondheid / handicaps --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Antropologie : socio-politieke structuren en relaties --- Childbirth --- Pregnancy --- Mothers --- Maternal and infant welfare --- Maternal health services --- Maternal Welfare --- Maternal Health Services --- Pregnancy Complications --- Risk Factors --- Birth --- Birthing --- Child birth --- Live birth --- Obstetrics --- Parturition --- Labor (Obstetrics) --- Gestation --- Conception --- Physiology --- Reproduction --- Infant welfare --- Infants --- Maternity welfare --- Child welfare --- Women --- Health services, Maternal --- Maternal and child health services --- Maternal and infant health services --- Maternal health care --- Maternity care --- Mother and child health services --- Perinatal care --- Safe motherhood programs --- Reproductive health services --- Women's health services --- Population at Risk --- Populations at Risk --- Health Correlates --- Risk Factor Scores --- Risk Scores --- Correlates, Health --- Factor, Risk --- Risk Factor --- Risk Factor Score --- Risk Score --- Score, Risk --- Score, Risk Factor --- Organs at Risk --- Complications, Pregnancy --- Complication, Pregnancy --- Pregnancy Complication --- Perinatology --- Pregnancy, High-Risk --- Health Services, Maternal --- Services, Maternal Health --- Health Service, Maternal --- Maternal Health Service --- Maternal Health --- Welfare, Maternal --- Moms --- Parents --- Housewives --- Motherhood --- Pregnant women --- Mortality. --- mortality --- Charities, protection, etc. --- Charities --- Medical care --- complications --- Social Risk Factors --- Factor, Social Risk --- Factors, Social Risk --- Risk Factor, Social --- Risk Factors, Social --- Social Risk Factor