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Alkali-doped fullerides have attracted strong interest since their production became possible about fifteen years ago. This book presents recent work which may solve intriguing problems arising from a variety of remarkable properties. For example, these solids are superconductors with high transition temperatures, although the similarity between the electronic and phonon energy scales should suppress superconductivity. Moreover, the Ioffe-Regel condition for electrical conductivity is strongly violated. The book shows why superconductivity is nevertheless possible, owing to a local pairing mechanism. The Ioffe-Regel condition is derived quantum-mechanically, and it is explained why the underlying assumptions are violated for fullerides and high-Tc cuprates, for example. The book treats electronic and transport properties, reviewing theoretical and experimental results. It focuses on superconductivity, electrical conductivity and metal-insulator transitions, emphasizing the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions as well as the Jahn-Teller effect.

Superconductors. --- Superconductivity. --- Electric conductivity. --- Metal-insulator transitions. --- Electron-electron interactions. --- Electron-phonon interactions. --- Jahn-Teller effect. --- Interactions, Electron-electron --- Electrons --- Lepton interactions --- Teller-Jahn effect --- Coupled mode theory --- Crystal field theory --- Energy levels (Quantum mechanics) --- Interactions, Electron-phonon --- Electromagnetic interactions --- Transitions, Metal-insulator --- Anderson model --- Electric insulators and insulation --- Free electron theory of metals --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Transition metals --- Conductivity, Electric --- Transport theory --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Materials --- Superconductors --- Superconductivity --- Metal-insulator transitions --- Electron-electron interactions --- Electron-phonon interactions --- Jahn-Teller effect --- Supraconducteurs --- Supraconductivité --- Conduction électrique --- Transitions métal-isolant --- Interactions électron-électron --- Interactions électron-phonon --- Jahn-Teller, Effet

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This paper explains the IMF's impact on economic policies in Russia, focusing on where the IMF made a difference. The Russian economic and political leadership essentially determined economic policies. The IMF's influence was modest: it had only a limited impact on overall fiscal policy and the major structural reforms, but it had a positive impact on monetary policy. A tougher position on fiscal policy in 1996-98 might have produced a better outcome. The G-7's concerns weakened the IMF. However, the IMF played a major role in transferring knowledge about macroeconomic policymaking and implementation.

International Monetary Fund. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Russia (Federation) --- Economic policy. --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Fiscal policy --- Correspondent banking --- Government debt management --- Revenue administration --- Structural reforms --- Financial services --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Macrostructural analysis --- Correspondent banks --- Debts, Public --- Revenue --- Russian Federation

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This paper reviews recent banking reform efforts in the lower Mekong countries (LMCs), comprising Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Vietnam. Linked by close economic and cultural ties, the three LMCs face the dual challenge of economic development and transition to market-based economies. Two-tier banking systems were formally introduced in the late 1980s. However, state-owned banks with weak balance sheets continue to dominate the banking systems of Vietnam and Lao P.D.R. Cambodia's main challenge is to reconstruct a banking system after decades of civil strife. Based on progress made and brief cross-country comparisons, the paper identifies key challenges and options for further reform.

Banks and Banking --- Industries: Financial Services --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Banking --- Finance --- Financial services law & regulation --- Monetary economics --- Commercial banks --- Nonperforming loans --- Foreign banks --- Loan classification --- Financial institutions --- Credit --- Money --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Banks and banking --- Loans --- Banks and banking, Foreign --- State supervision --- Lao People's Democratic Republic

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Downtown America was once the vibrant urban center romanticized in the Petula Clark song-a place where the lights were brighter, where people went to spend their money and forget their worries. But in the second half of the twentieth century, "downtown" became a shadow of its former self, succumbing to economic competition and commercial decline. And the death of Main Streets across the country came to be seen as sadly inexorable, like the passing of an aged loved one. Downtown America cuts beneath the archetypal story of downtown's rise and fall and offers a dynamic new story of urban development in the United States. Moving beyond conventional narratives, Alison Isenberg shows that downtown's trajectory was not dictated by inevitable free market forces or natural life-and-death cycles. Instead, it was the product of human actors-the contested creation of retailers, developers, government leaders, architects, and planners, as well as political activists, consumers, civic clubs, real estate appraisers, even postcard artists. Throughout the twentieth century, conflicts over downtown's mundane conditions-what it should look like and who should walk its streets-pointed to fundamental disagreements over American values. Isenberg reveals how the innovative efforts of these participants infused Main Street with its resonant symbolism, while still accounting for pervasive uncertainty and fears of decline. Readers of this work will find anything but a story of inevitability. Even some of the downtown's darkest moments-the Great Depression's collapse in land values, the rioting and looting of the 1960's, or abandonment and vacancy during the 1970's-illuminate how core cultural values have animated and intertwined with economic investment to reinvent the physical form and social experiences of urban commerce. Downtown America-its empty stores, revitalized marketplaces, and romanticized past-will never look quite the same again. A book that does away with our most clichéd approaches to urban studies, Downtown America will appeal to readers interested in the history of the United States and the mythology surrounding its most cherished institutions. A Choice Outstanding Academic Title. Winner of the 2005 Ellis W. Hawley Prize from the Organization of American Historians. Winner of the 2005 Lewis Mumford Prize for Best Book in American Planning History. Winner of the 2005 Historic Preservation Book Price from the University of Mary Washington Center for Historic Preservation. Named 2005 Honor Book from the New Jersey Council for the Humanities.

Cities and towns --- Central business districts --- City and town life --- Community life --- Inner cities --- Urban renewal --- City planning --- History. --- Model cities --- Renewal, Urban --- Urban redevelopment --- Urban renewal projects --- Central cities --- Ghettos, Inner city --- Inner city ghettos --- Inner city problems --- Zones of transitions --- Activities districts, Central --- Business districts, Central --- CBDs (Central business districts) --- Centers, City (Central business districts) --- Central activities districts --- City centers (Central business districts) --- City centres (Central business districts) --- Districts, Central activities --- Districts, Central business --- Districts, Downtown --- Downtown districts --- Downtowns --- Land use, Urban --- Urban policy --- Urban cores --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Human ecology --- Retail trade --- History --- E-books --- United States --- Sociology of environment --- History of North America --- anno 1900-1999 --- downtown, city, urban, shopping, tourism, development, commerce, decline, main street, economics, competition, retail, government, architecture, civic clubs, real estate, streets, nonfiction, history, planning, great depression, land values, politics, looting, riots, activism, abandonment, vacancy, nostalgia, inner cities, renewal, central business districts, race, racism, suburbs, gender, postcards. --- United States of America

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To help the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services more accurately predict future health care costs, RAND Health developed the Future Elderly Model (FEM). A demographic-economic model of health spending projections, the FEM enables the user to answer "what-if" questions about the effects of changes in health status and disease treatment on future health care costs.

Older people. --- Population Dynamics --- Health Expenditures --- Health Services for the Aged --- Health Status --- Aged --- Medicare --- Health Planning --- Demography --- Legislation as Topic --- Health Services --- Delivery of Health Care --- Adult --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Medical Assistance --- Insurance, Health --- Costs and Cost Analysis --- Age Groups --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Insurance --- Public Assistance --- Population Characteristics --- Social Sciences --- Economics --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Public Health --- Financing, Government --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Persons --- Financing, Organized --- Environment and Public Health --- Named Groups --- Aged Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Community Financing --- Grants --- Organized Financing --- Financing, Community --- Grant --- Person --- Government Financing --- Federal Aid --- Financing, Public --- Grants and Subsidies, Government --- Hill-Burton Act --- Subsidies, Government --- Act, Hill-Burton --- Aid, Federal --- Aids, Federal --- Federal Aids --- Government Subsidies --- Government Subsidy --- Hill Burton Act --- Public Financing --- Subsidy, Government --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Assistance, Public --- Indemnity --- Insurance Premiums --- Insurance Premium --- Premium, Insurance --- Premiums, Insurance --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Measurements, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Measurement --- Measurement, Epidemiologic --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Age Group --- Group, Age --- Groups, Age --- Analysis, Cost --- Cost --- Cost Analysis --- Cost Comparison --- Cost Measures --- Cost-Minimization Analysis --- Costs and Cost Analyses --- Costs, Cost Analysis --- Pricing --- Analyses, Cost --- Analyses, Cost-Minimization --- Analysis, Cost-Minimization --- Comparison, Cost --- Comparisons, Cost --- Cost Analyses --- Cost Comparisons --- Cost Measure --- Cost Minimization Analysis --- Cost, Cost Analysis --- Cost-Minimization Analyses --- Costs --- Measure, Cost --- Measures, Cost --- Group Health Insurance --- Health Insurance --- Health Insurance, Voluntary --- Health Insurance, Group --- Insurance, Group Health --- Insurance, Voluntary Health --- Voluntary Health Insurance --- Assistance, Medical --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Adults --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Constitutional Amendments --- Laws and Statutes --- Legislation, Health --- Model Legislation --- Population Law --- Statutes and Laws --- Health Legislation --- Amendment, Constitutional --- Amendments, Constitutional --- Constitutional Amendment --- Law, Population --- Laws, Population --- Legislation, Model --- Population Laws --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- PL93-641 --- Public Law 93-641 --- Health and Welfare Planning --- National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 --- Planning, Health and Welfare --- State Health Planning, United States --- Planning, Health --- Public Law 93 641 --- Health Insurance for Aged, Disabled, Title 18 --- Health Insurance for Aged, Title 18 --- Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled, Title 18 --- Insurance, Health, for Aged and Disabled --- Elderly --- Level of Health --- Health Level --- Health Levels --- Status, Health --- Health Services for Aged --- Health Services for the Elderly --- Health Services, Geriatric --- Geriatric Health Services --- Geriatric Health Service --- Health Service, Geriatric --- Service, Geriatric Health --- Services, Geriatric Health --- Expenditures --- Expenditures, Direct --- Expenditures, Indirect --- Expenditures, Out-of-Pocket --- Out-of Pocket Expenditures --- Out-of-Pocket Costs --- Out-of-Pocket Expenses --- Out-of-Pocket Payments --- Out-of-Pocket Spending --- Expenditures, Health --- Cost, Out-of-Pocket --- Costs, Out-of-Pocket --- Direct Expenditure --- Direct Expenditures --- Expenditure --- Expenditure, Direct --- Expenditure, Health --- Expenditure, Indirect --- Expenditure, Out-of Pocket --- Expenditure, Out-of-Pocket --- Expenditures, Out of Pocket --- Expenditures, Out-of Pocket --- Expense, Out-of-Pocket --- Expenses, Out-of-Pocket --- Health Expenditure --- Indirect Expenditure --- Indirect Expenditures --- Out of Pocket Costs --- Out of Pocket Expenditures --- Out of Pocket Expenses --- Out of Pocket Payments --- Out of Pocket Spending --- Out-of Pocket Expenditure --- Out-of-Pocket Cost --- Out-of-Pocket Expenditure --- Out-of-Pocket Expenditures --- Out-of-Pocket Expense --- Out-of-Pocket Payment --- Payment, Out-of-Pocket --- Payments, Out-of-Pocket --- Spending, Out-of-Pocket --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Public Policy --- Health Legislation as Topic --- Planning Techniques --- Geriatrics --- Longevity --- Frail Elderly --- Health Care Costs --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Affordability --- Affordabilities --- Health Status. --- Aged. --- Health Planning. --- Population Dynamics. --- trends. --- economics. --- United States. --- General Health --- General Health Level --- General Health Status --- Overall Health --- Overall Health Status --- General Health Levels --- Health Level, General --- Health Status, General --- Health Status, Overall --- Health, General --- Health, Overall --- Level, General Health --- Levels, General Health --- Status, General Health --- Status, Overall Health