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Dat de traditionele rol van de man en de vader in de huidige maatschappij verandert, daar twijfelt niemand meer aan. Er wordt zelfs gesproken over de 'nieuwe man' of over het 'nieuwe vaderschap'. Maar wat moeten we ons daar bij voorstellen? Wat is er precies aan het veranderen? Hoe zijn bijvoorbeeld de huishoudelijke taken en de zorgtaken vandaag de dag concreet verdeeld? De auteurs, beiden huisman en redacteur van www.huismannen.nl, beogen met dit boek een eigentijds beeld te schetsen van het leven van de moderne man en vader. In dat beeld is er veel plaats geruimd voor het zorgvaderschap. Zij putten daarbij uit hun eigen ervaringen en uit de literatuur over vaderschap. Zij interviewden ook andere huismannen, parttime vaders en carrière-papa's. En om mannen of vaders enthousiast te maken voor het zorgvaderschap worden er in het boek ook tal van huishoudelijke en opvoedkundige tips gegeven.

Sociology of culture --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Sociology of work --- Household work --- Househusbands --- Images of men --- Division of tasks --- Fatherhood --- Care work --- Book --- Divorce --- Netherlands

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Historically, pet dogs were trained using mainly negative reinforcement or punishment but positive reinforcement using rewards has recently become more popular. The methods used may have different impacts on the dogs' welfare. We distributed a questionnaire to 364 dog owners in order to examine the relative effectiveness of different training methods and their effects upon a pet dog's behaviour. When asked how they trained their dog on seven basic tasks, 66% reported using vocal punishment 12% used physical punishment 60% praise (social reward), 51% food rewards and 11% play. The owner's ratings for their dog's obedience during eight tasks correlated positively with the number of tasks which they trained using rewards (P < 0.01), but not using punishment (P = 0.5). When asked whether their dog exhibited any of 16 common problematic behaviours, the number of problems reported by the owners correlated with the number of tasks for which their dog was trained using punishment (P < 0.001), but not using rewards (P = 0.17). Exhibition of problematic behaviours may be indicative of compromised welfare, because such behaviours can be caused by - or result in - a state of anxiety and may lead to a dog being relinquished or abandoned. Because punishment was associated with an increased incidence of problematic behaviours, we conclude that it may represent a welfare concern without concurrent benefits in obedience. We suggest that positive training methods may be more useful to the pet-owning community

Animal welfare. --- Anxiety. --- Behaviour. --- Dog. --- Dogs. --- Domestic dog. --- Enrichment. --- Food. --- Human-animal interaction. --- Interaction. --- Method. --- Obedience. --- Old. --- Pet dogs. --- Pet. --- Physical. --- Play. --- Problematic behaviour. --- Punishment. --- Questionnaire. --- Ratings. --- Reinforcement. --- Reward. --- Social. --- Stress. --- Task. --- Tasks. --- Time. --- Training methods. --- Training. --- Welfare.

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During aging, reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with memory decline indicating a causal relationship. Indeed, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a major activator of the extracellular receptor kinase pathway that is central in learning and memory processes, is also a key modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis. Previously, we showed that age-related declines in spatial memory tasks can be improved by antioxidant-rich diets containing blueberries. In this study, to begin to understand the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of blueberries, we assessed changes in hippocampal plasticity parameters such as hippocampal neurogenesis, extracellular receptor kinase activation, and IGF-1 and IGF-1R levels in blueberry-supplemented aged animals. Our results show that all these parameters of hippocampal neuronal plasticity are increased in supplemented animals and aspects such as proliferation, extracellular receptor kinase activation and IGF-1 and IGF-1R levels correlate with improvements in spatial memory. Therefore, cognitive improvements afforded by polyphenolic-rich fruits such as blueberries appear, in part, to be mediated by their effects on hippocampal plasticity

Activation. --- Adult dentate gyrus. --- Aged rats. --- Aging. --- Alzheimers-disease. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Antioxidants. --- Behavior. --- Cognition. --- Diet. --- Dietary supplementation. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Erk. --- Growth-factor-i. --- Growth. --- Hippocampal neurogenesis. --- Hippocampal. --- Human. --- Igf-1. --- Learning and memory. --- Learning. --- Level. --- Mechanisms. --- Medial prefrontal cortex. --- Memory. --- Modulation. --- Neurogenesis. --- Neuronal signal-transduction. --- Neuronal. --- Parameters. --- Plasticity. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Receptor. --- Reduction. --- Spatial memory. --- Spatial. --- Task. --- Tasks. --- Time. --- Vitamin-e. --- Water maze.

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The degree to which memory is enhanced by estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women may depend on environmental factors such as education. The present study utilized an animal model of environmental enrichment to determine whether environmental factors influence the mnemonic and neural response to estrogen. Female mice were raised in standard (SC) or enriched (EC) conditions from weaning until adulthood (7 months). All mice were ovariectornized at 10 weeks, and tested in object recognition and water-escape motivated radial arm maze (WRAM) tasks at 6 months. Each day at the completion of training, mice received injections of 0.1 mg/kg cyclodextrin-encapsulated 17-beta-estradiol (E-2), 0.2 mg/kg E-2, or cyclodextrin vehicle (VEH). At the completion of behavioral testing, hippocampal levels of the presynaptic protein synaptophysin and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured. Enrichment effects were evident in VEH-treated mice; relative to SC-VEH females, EC-VEH females committed fewer working memory errors in the WRAM and exhibited increased hippocampal synaptophysin levels. Estrogen effects depended on environmental conditions. E-2 (0.2 mg/kg) improved object memory only in SC females. The same dose improved working memory in SC females, but somewhat impaired working memory in EC females. Furthermore, both doses reduced hippocampal synaptophysin levels in EC, but not SC, females. In contrast, E-2 reduced hippocampal BDNF levels in SC, but not EC, females. This study is the first to compare the effects of estrogen on memory and hippocampal function in enriched and non-enriched female mice. The results suggest that: (1) estrogen benefits object and working memory more in mice raised in non-enriched environments than in those raised in enriched environments, and (2) the changes induced by estrogen and/or enrichment may be associated with alterations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO

Adulthood. --- Aged female mice. --- Animal model. --- Animal-model. --- Animal. --- Bdnf. --- Dendritic spine density. --- Education. --- Enriched environment. --- Enriched. --- Enrichment. --- Environment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Environments. --- Estradiol. --- Estrogen. --- Factor messenger-rna. --- Female mice. --- Female. --- Females. --- Function. --- Health initiative memory. --- Hippocampal. --- Hippocampus. --- Hormone replacement therapy. --- Injections. --- Level. --- Memory consolidation. --- Memory. --- Mice. --- Model. --- Neurotrophic factor. --- Object recognition. --- Object. --- Plasticity. --- Postmenopausal women. --- Protein. --- Radial arm maze. --- Radial-arm maze. --- Randomized controlled-trial. --- Recognition. --- Replacement. --- Response. --- Spatial reference memory. --- Synaptic plasticity. --- Synaptophysin. --- Task. --- Tasks. --- Time. --- Training. --- Weaning. --- Women. --- Working memory. --- Working-memory.