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This comprehensive study of State failure upholds that the collapse of States in sub-Saharan Africa is a self-inflicted problem caused by the abandonment of the principle of effectiveness during decolonization. On the one hand, the abandonment of effectiveness may have facilitated the recognition of the new African States, but on the other it did lead to the creation of States that were essentially powerless: some of which became utter failures. Written in a style both provocative and unorthodox and using convincing arguments, this study casts doubt on some of the most sacred principles of the modern doctrine of international law. It establishes that the declaratory theory of recognition cannot satisfactorily explain the continuing existence of failed States. It also demonstrates that the principled assertion of the right to self-determination as the basis for independence in Africa has turned the notion of sovereignty into a formal-legal figment without substance. This book is a plea for more realism in international law. Pensive pessimists in the tradition of Hobbes will probably love it. Idealists in the tradition of Grotius may hate it, but they will find it very difficult to reject its conclusions.

Legitimacy of governments --- Political stability --- Destabilization (Political science) --- Political instability --- Stability, Political --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Governments, Legitimacy of --- Legitimacy (Constitutional law) --- Revolutions --- Sovereignty --- State, The --- General will --- Regime change --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Politics and government. --- Failed states --- State failure --- Political science

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This paper provides empirical evidence that the propensity for political instability in the Central African Republic (C.A.R.) has been increased by low tax revenues and deteriorations in the terms of trade. The direct effect of political instability on economic growth is not statistically significant, once account is taken of domestic investment, and economic growth in neighboring countries. The policy implications are: (i) mobilization of domestic revenues to pay public employees' salaries and provide basic social services would lower the probability of coups; (ii) economic diversification would reduce the propensity for adverse terms of trade shocks to fuel coups; and (iii) neighboring countries' efforts to resolve conflicts and achieve sustained growth would be beneficial for the C.A.R.'s economic performance.

Political stability --- Destabilization (Political science) --- Political instability --- Stability, Political --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Legitimacy of governments --- Economic aspects --- Central African Republic --- Afrika Erdiko Errepublika --- Afrika Qendrore --- CAF --- CAR --- Cema Afrika Fasojamana --- Centr-Afrika Respubliko --- Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek --- Centrafrika --- Centrafrique --- Centrālāfrika --- Centralafrikanska republiken --- Centralafrikanske Republik --- Centralnoafrička Republika --- Centralnoafriska republika --- Centrinės Afrikos Respublika --- Cộng hòa Trung Phi --- Cεma Afrika Fasojamana --- Gweriniaeth Canolbarth Affrica --- ha-Republiḳah ha-Merkaz-Afriḳaʼit --- Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati --- Kentroaphrikanikē Dēmokratia --- Kesk-Aafrika Vabariik --- Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka --- Közép-afrikai Köztársaság --- Märkäzi Afrika Respublikası --- Merkez Afrika Respublikası --- Mið-Afríkulýðveldið --- Miðafrikalýðveldið --- Middel Affricanisc Cynewīse --- Naakaii Łizhinii Bikéyah Beʼałnííʼ --- Ȯr Aprikin Orn --- Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti --- Pobblaght yn Affrick Veanagh --- Poblachd Meadhan Afraga --- Poblachd Mheadhan Aifric --- Poblacht na hAfraice Láir --- R.C.A. --- RCA --- Repubblica Centrafricana --- Republica Africa Centrală --- Rèpublica centrafriquêna --- República Centreafricana --- República Centro-Africana --- Republica Centroafrican --- República Centroafricana --- Republica Chendroafricanã --- Republik Afrika Tengah --- Republik Afrika Teungoh --- Republik Kreizafrikan --- Republika Środkowoafrykańska --- Republika ti Tengnga nga Aprika --- Republiḳah ha-Merkaz-Afriḳaʼit --- Republikang Sentral Aprikano --- République centrafricaine --- Repúbrica Centroafricana --- Ripublik Aprika Tangah --- Sentraal-Afrikaanse Republiek --- Sentral na Aprikanong Republika --- Sentralafrikanske republikk --- Sintraal-Afrikaanske Republyk --- Srednjoafrička Republika --- Středoafrická republika --- Tiong-hui Kiōng-hô-kok --- TsAR (Tsėntralʹna-Afrykanskai︠a︡ Rėspublika) --- Tsėntralʹna-Afrykanskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- T︠S︡entralnoafrikanska republika --- T︠S︡entralʹnoafrikanskai︠a︡ Respublika --- T︠S︡entralon Afrikæĭy Respublikæ --- Tu̇b Afrikyn Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Ulas --- Tu̇b Afrikyn Ulas --- Zentralafrikanische Republik --- Zentralafrikanischi Republik --- Κεντροαφρικανική Δημοκρατία --- ЦАР --- Цэнтральна-Афрыканская Рэспубліка --- Централноафриканска република --- Централон Африкæйы Республикæ --- רפובליקה המרכז-אפריקאית --- הרפובליקה המרכז-אפריקאית --- Central African Empire --- Ubangi-Shari --- Economic conditions. --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Labor --- Natural Resources --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Environmental management --- Civil service & public sector --- Terms of trade --- Real effective exchange rates --- Natural resources --- Civil service --- Real exchange rates --- Economic policy --- nternational cooperation --- Congo, Democratic Republic of the --- Nternational cooperation