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Differences in attitudes to death and dying in two distinct social classes, the ecclesiastics and the nobility. The theory of the three estates made clear distinctions between the functions of the two estates which comprised the elite of medieval society: the oradores (ecclesiastics) and the defensores (warriors or nobility).They had different lifestyles, clothing and ways of thinking about life. With regard to death, the responses dictated by Christian theology conflicted with the demands of the defensor ideology, based on the defence of individual honour, the pursuit of fama and the display of earthly power. This book charts the progress of the dying from their preparations for death, through their 'good' or 'bad' deaths, to their burials and otherworldly fates and also analyses the responses of the bereaved. Through the use of pre-fifteenth-century texts it is possible to demonstrate that the conflict between the orador and defensor ideologies did not begin in the fifteenth century, but rather had a much older origin, and it is suggested that the conflict continued after 1500. Textual sources include the Siete partidas, wills, chronicles, religious works such as the Arte de bien morir and literary works such as Cárcel de Amor and Celestina.

Death --- Funeral rites and ceremonies --- Mourning customs --- History --- Religious aspects. --- Social aspects --- Manners and customs --- Rites and ceremonies --- Funerals --- Mortuary ceremonies --- Obsequies --- Burial --- Cremation --- Cryomation --- Dead --- Dying --- End of life --- Life --- Terminal care --- Terminally ill --- Thanatology --- Eschatology --- Intermediate state --- Philosophy

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This book explores how Ibn al-'Arabi (1165–1240) used the concept of barzakh (the Limit) to deal with the philosophical problem of the relationship between God and the world, a major concept disputed in ancient and medieval Islamic thought. The term "barzakh" indicates the activity or actor that differentiates between things and that, paradoxically, then provides the context of their unity. Author Salman H. Bashier looks at early thinkers and shows how the synthetic solutions they developed provided the groundwork for Ibn al-'Arabi's unique concept of barzakh. Bashier discusses Ibn al-'Arabi's development of the concept of barzakh ontologically through the notion of the Third Thing and epistemologically through the notion of the Perfect Man, and compares Ibn al-'Arabi's vision with Plato's.

Creation (Islam) --- Intermediate state --- Islam. --- Ibn al-ʻArabī, --- Andalusi, Mehmet bin Ali, --- Ibn al-ʻArabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī, --- Ibn ʻArabî, --- Ibn ʻArabi, Mohyiddin, --- İbn Arabî, Muhittin, --- Ibn ʻArabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī, --- Ibn ʻArabī, Muḥyiddīn, --- Ibn-i ʻArabī, Muḥīuddīn Muḥammad bin ʻAlī T̤āʼī Undlusī ibn-i ʻArabī --- Ibn Surāqah, --- İbnʼül-arabî, Muhyiddîn, --- Magribi, Mehmet bin Ali, --- Mohyiddin ibn ʻArabi, --- Muḥammad bin ʻAlī T̤āʼī Undlusī ibn-i ʻArabī, Muḥīuddīn, --- Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī, Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn al-ʻArabī, --- Muhittin i̇bn Arabî, --- Muḥīuddīn Muḥammad bin ʻAlī T̤āʼī Undlusī ibn-i ʻArabī, --- Muhiy al Din ibn Arabi, --- Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn ʻArabī, --- Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī ibn al-ʻArabī, --- Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī ibn ʻArabī, --- Muḥyiddīn ibn ʻArabī, --- Muhyiddîn İbnʼül-arabî, --- Raʼīs al-Ṣūfīyah, --- Şeyh-i ekberi, --- Shaykh al-Akbar, --- Taʼi, Mehmet bin Ali, --- T̤āʼī Undlusī ibn-i ʻArabī, Muḥīuddīn Muḥammad bin ʻAlī, --- Undlusī ibn-i ʻArabī, Muḥīuddīn Muḥammad bin ʻAlī T̤āʼī, --- Ibnu Arabi, Muhyiddin, --- ابن العربي، --- ابن عربي --- ابن عربي، --- بن العربي --- لإبن العربي، --- محيى الدين بن عربي --- Ibn al-Arabi,