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The Malawi Country Procurement Assessment Report is a joint undertaking between the Malawi Government and the World Bank to analyze the country procurement system and recommend appropriate actions to improve the efficiency, economy and transparency of the system. This report is divided into (a) an Executive Summary, (b) Main Report on Findings and Recommendations, and (c) Annexes. Since the preparation of the diagnostic study on Malawi's public procurement system in 1996, the Government has made good progress with establishing new - and relatively good - legal framework for procurement reform. But there has not yet been much reform (institutional, practical and oversight). In 2003, the Malawi Parliament passed a new procurement law, the Public Procurement Act of 2003, which became effective in August of that year. The new Procurement Act requires procurement regulations to provide, among things, thresholds for the use of the various procurement methods, bid and bid evaluation procedures and contract management. The analysis of the CPAR is carried out against the five basic pillars of a sound public procurement system, including: (i) a functioning legal, regulatory and institutional framework, (ii) use of modernized procurement procedures and practices; (iii) procurement proficiency of Government staff; (iv) independence of audits and recourse for complaints; and (v) inclusion of anti-corruption measures in the procurement law and application of effective sanctions. In addition, the CPAR analyses the performance of the private sector in public procurement and the procurement performance of Bank financed projects. The analysis has led to the recommendations made below, summarized in the Action Plan, to strengthen each pillar over time. Weaknesses in current procurement performance are identified as substantial delays in the procurement process, insufficient capacity, and inadequacies in procurement organization, documents and management. The continued reliance on the Interim Guidelines, which include a number of practices that are considered incompatible with internationally acceptable procurement standards, are also partially to blame for this.
Accountability --- Audits --- Bidding --- Business Environment --- Capacity Building --- Community Development and Empowerment --- Corruption --- Decentralization --- Disclosure --- Expenditures --- Financial Management --- Good Governance --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Legal Framework --- Private Sector Development --- Public Procurement --- Quality Control --- Risk Assessment --- Sanctions --- Social Development
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Chen and Ravallion present new estimates of the extent of the developing World's progress against poverty. By the frugal USD 1 a day standard, they find that there were 1.1 billion poor in 2001-almost 400 million fewer than 20 years earlier. Over the same period, the number of poor declined by more than 400 million in China, though half of this decline was in the first few years of the 1980s. The number of poor outside China rose slightly over the period. A marked bunching up of people between USD 1 and USD 2 a day has also emerged. Sub-Saharan Africa has become the region with the highest incidence of extreme poverty and the greatest depth of poverty. If these trends continue, then the aggregate USD 1 a day poverty rate for 1990 will be halved by 2015, though only East and South Asia will reach this goal. This paper-a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to monitor progress against poverty in the world.
Extreme Poverty --- Food Consumption --- Global Poverty --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Household Size --- Household Survey --- Household Surveys --- Income --- Inequality --- International Poverty Line --- Per Capita Consumption --- Poor --- Poor People --- Population Policies --- Poverty --- Poverty Estimates --- Poverty Line --- Poverty Lines --- Poverty Measures --- Poverty Rates --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural --- Rural Areas --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction
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